Participatory techniques are tools, resources and procedures within a certain activity, which allow to investigate and reflect on the practice of all those who participate, without losing sight of the new advances in science and technique, that is, it frames man as be social at the height of your time, so you can transform your own reality.
Summary
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- 1 Group work
- 2 Use and role of participatory techniques to support PDE
- 3 Elements to take into account in the use of participatory techniques
- 4 Types of participatory techniques
- 5 Sources
Team work
The application of group work to education in recent decades has shown an increasing trend, which has been largely motivated by the immediate effects of this form of teaching, shown on individual and group development. Group techniques have come to respond to that urgent demand of educators to have a set of tools that allow them to introduce changes in their immediate practice. Since the end of the last century and the beginning of the present, didactics have been insisting on the use of new methods that adhere to learning for the purposes of social education, among which group teaching stands out (Disseminated in Germany), group work (New School). Based on the theoretical-methodological approaches developed, different educational models have been put in place that emphasize the role of the group, not only as a way, a means for the activation of teaching, but also as a valuable instrument of action for a new education. which implies growth and therefore learning and communication. The teacher-student and student-student interaction are pathways for subject-subject intervention, the mediating role of the imitative process ( Vigostky ) or transmission of the individual ( Leontiev ) is achieved .
Use and role of participatory techniques to support PDE
Participatory techniques must be considered as instruments, as tools, that encourage reflection and expression by all participants. To choose the most appropriate one, you will have to take into account the specific topic to be worked on, the level of deepening you want to reach, and the type of participants with which the process is carried out. The use of techniques contributes to: Avoid the ease of accepting what is known. Change approaches and try different alternatives. Take advantage of luck to generate new ideas. Learn to recognize problems, to discover them. Do not fear losing, fail, accept the mistake. Use and encourage a sense of humor. Discover new forms of relationship. Eliminate the habit of trying to logically explain any fact. A high disposition for the tasks and exercises that are oriented. Low resistance to participation. More curious about what is done. More independence and discipline. Greater use of imagination.
Elements to take into account in the use of participatory techniques
When we choose a technique we must be clear about what objectives we should take with it. A single technique is usually not enough to work on a topic or content. It must always be accompanied by others that allow an orderly and systematic deepening process. It is important to know how to locate the characteristics of each technique: its possibilities and limits. They must be made available to everyone for creative use. We must know all techniques well, know how to use them at the right time and know how to drive them correctly.
Types of participatory techniques
Experiential dynamic techniques Experiential techniques are characterized by creating a fictitious situation, where we engage, react and adopt spontaneous attitudes; they make us live a situation. These can be differentiated into: a) Animation, whose focus is to animate, unite, create a fraternal and participatory environment. These techniques must be active, they must have elements that allow participants to relax, involve the group and they must keep humor in mind. b) Analysis (for example) “The Wall”. “The Bottles”. The central objective of these dynamics is to give symbolic elements that allow us to reflect on real life situations. c) Abstraction techniques or exercises: they exercise the capacity for abstraction, analysis and synthesis in group conditions. Example “The Figures” d) Communication exercises: They offer elements on the need and importance of communication, to successfully complete a task. Example “Communication with questions or not” e) Dynamics of organization and planning: these techniques are aimed at people working cooperatively or interdependently, that is, coordinated with each other. Examples “Empty bottles
Acting techniques. The essential element is the corporal expression through which we represent situations, behaviors, ways of thinking. Examples: (sociograms, role plays, dramatized stories, etc.) In order for them to fulfill their objective, whenever we are going to apply them we must give practical recommendations such as: Coordinated and coherent presentation. Allow limited time for core elements to really synthesize. That the corporal expression, the movement, the gestures, the expression are really used. Let it be spoken in a loud voice. Don’t let two speak and act at the same time.
Auditory and audiovisual techniques To use an auditory or audiovisual technique, a previous elaboration work has been required, which is generally not the product of reflection or analysis, which the group itself has carried out. Example (A talk, a movie, etc.) When we use these techniques it is necessary that teachers know their content beforehand so that they really serve as a reflection tool and not only as a distraction. That is why it is always important to have a discussion to analyze the content or message presented with the audio or audiovisual technique. It is very useful to have some questions prepared for this stage, which allow the content to be related to the reality of the group. Visual techniques. All material that uses writing as a central element (for example, flipchart, brainstorming by cards, reading texts, etc.)
We can differentiate two types. 1) .written techniques.All material that is expressed through drawings and symbols (for example, posters, “Card reading”, “One for all”, etc.)
2.) Graphic techniques. In the use of written techniques, care must be taken: That the letter is clear and, according to the technique, large enough to be read by all. That the wording is correct; if it is to write down central ideas. The previously made ready-made materials. Graphic techniques express content symbolically, so they require a process of decoding or interpretation of these symbols. Whenever we use this type of technique, it is advisable to start by describing the elements that are present in the graph; after the participants who did not elaborate the work, make an interpretation and finally it is the people who elaborate it who present, what are the ideas they tried to express.
