Bibliotherapy. Psychotherapeutic resource to intervene in shyness in boys and girls with mild intellectual disabilities, considering the contemporary trends that Special Education undertakes for this purpose, thereby contributing to their improvement.
Summary
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- 1 Brief historical overview
- 1 Background
- 2 Central object
- 3 Types of activities
- 4 Attention to children with disabilities
- 1 Some proposals
- 5 News
- 1 In Cuba
- 6 Internal links
- 7 Sources
Brief historical review
Bibliotherapy can be defined as reading for curative purposes. If this term is analyzed, it is observed that it is derived from the Latin words book and treatment. Reading becomes Bibliotherapy when used for therapeutic purposes. Library therapy is usually summarized as the use of literature to help people cope with their emotional and mental problems, as well as the changes in their lives (Pardeck, 1994 ), or to produce affective changes and promote growth and personality development (Lenkowsky, 1987). In other words, it is defined as healing through books, reading books to help solve and better understand personal problems, mutual sharing of literature in order to structure an interaction between the facilitator and the patient. Its origins date back to Antiquity and the Middle Ages .
Background
In both periods, bibliotherapy was included among the recommendations to follow to lead a healthy life. Pharaoh Ramses II , in Ancient Egypt , had the phrase “Remedies for the soul” engraved on the Frontispiece of his library . In the case of the Egyptians, their libraries were located in temples called “Houses of life” , which were considered centers of knowledge and spirituality. The Greeks viewed books as a form of spiritual and medical treatment. Libraries were conceived “as the medicine of the soul . ” It was not strange in the Middle Agesthat in the course of an operation sacred texts were read. The object of these readings was not, as one might think, religious but rather library therapeutic. During the operations of the readings to which they resorted, they could range from the Bible , the lives of saints, to epics, tragedies and other profane stories, all serving therapeutic purposes. Although, there are many medical books that speak of Bibliotherapy, it was precisely a clergyman, the German theologian Georg Heinrich ( 1667 – 1728 ), who perhaps did more for the dissemination of this therapeutic practice with his work “Library of the sick” , in the one that studies the healing power of literature and gives recommendations for its use.
Central object
Bibliotherapy for health.
Bearing in mind that the central objective of bibliotherapy is to carry out a therapeutic educational work with children whose normal psychosocial development is affected through the potentialities that reading offers to enrich knowledge , as well as to promote feelings, attitudes and emotions, it awakens in them an interest in reading, art and culture. One of the reasons that bibliotherapy is chosen is because of its important role as a vehicle for facilitating change in the subject. This technique contributes to a considerable decrease in the symptoms of mental disorders in children.
Types of activities
-The activity program is variable and can be enriched with other elements according to the needs of the group:
- The therapeutic tale.
- The recreational stories.
- The riddles.
- Therapeutic poetry.
- The games.
- The book reviews.
Care for children with disabilities
Children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) deserve greater attention, as they form part of this society that tries to ennoble the most humane work of all time. Attention to children with special educational needs constitutes a universal problem. People with mental disabilities constitute a very sensitive part of the world population, whose characteristics are diverse, as well as the causes that cause it. Raising the development potential of minors with mental disabilities as much as possible is a way to accentuate the originality, variety and heterogeneity of the human being and a way to guarantee equal social and educational opportunities to promote the social integration of all children. citizens.
Some proposals
The Cuban subsystem of Special Education has guaranteed the attention to these minors from the earliest ages. There are countless specialized services and aids for the comprehensive care of these schoolchildren, elements that guarantee and increasingly specify the how, when, what, and where to teach, gradually improving the alternatives that promote better corrective-compensatory work. The Bibliotherapy proposal as a psychotherapeutic resource to intervene shyness in boys and girls with mild intellectual disabilities, considering the contemporary trends that special education undertakes for this purpose, thereby contributing to their improvement. It also proposes a series of stories and therapeutic poems for the benefit of shy children that facilitate their practical application.
Present
At present we consider Bibliotherapy as a process of personal development that contributes to developing attitudes and intellectual capacities and that must create a therapeutic relationship of acceptance, trust and security, and offer a new alternative that modifies the lifestyle of the child and his / her family. During this process, its participants, who must be gathered in homogeneous groups and guided by a professional, carry out discussions in order to promote the integration of feelings and thoughts to promote self-affirmation, self-knowledge or Rehabilitation .
