Suspension , heterogeneous mixtures formed by a solid powder or small non-soluble particles (dispersed phase) that are dispersed in a liquid medium (dispersing or dispersing phase). When one of the components is water and the others are suspended solids in the mixture, they are known as mechanical suspensions.
Summary
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- 1 Suspension Characteristics (chemical)
- 2 Classification
- 1 Solid in suspension
- 2 Aerosol
- 3 Colloid
- 4 Mix
- 5 Solid
- 3 External links
- 4 Sources
Suspension Characteristics (chemical)
Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures formed by a solid powder (solute) or small non-soluble particles (dispersed phase) that are dispersed in a liquid or gaseous medium (dispersing or dispersing phase). When one of the components is water and the others are suspended solids in the mixture, they are known as mechanical suspensions. characteristics
Suspensions have the following characteristics: suspension is a way to dissolve all the characteristics of the chemical elements of matter, so all the elements originate by themselves, there are many ways to suspend the chemical mixtures of the elements
A clear example is the cloudy water of rivers, those that contain suspended particles that when deposited in places where the current is slower, form sedimentations of sand and small stones, such as the dusty atmosphere of Mexico City , another would also be Light through a window when there is a lot of dust.
Some characteristic properties of suspensions are:
- That the particles scattered in them settle easily
- Its particles are larger than those ..
Classification
Suspensions differ from colloids or colloidal systems, mainly in the particle size of the dispersed phase. The particles in the suspensions are visible at the macroscopic level (greater than 1 µm), and from the colloids at the microscopic level (between 1 nm and 1 µm). In addition, when resting, the phases of a suspension separate, while those of a colloid do not. The suspension is filterable, while the colloid is not filterable.
Solid in suspension
Suspended solids are small solid particles, immersed in a fluid in turbulent flow that acts on the particle with forces in random directions, which counteract the force of gravity, thus preventing the solid from settling on the bottom. The factors that influence that a particle does not settle at the bottom are:
- Size, density and shape of the particle.
- Water velocity.
Aerosol
In environmental engineering, an aerosol is called a heterogeneous mixture of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas. The term aerosol refers to both the particles and the gas in which the particles are suspended. The size of the particles can be from 0.002 µm to more than 100 µm, that is, from a few molecules to the size in which said particles cannot remain suspended in the gas for at least a few hours, that is, they can cause diversities, etc. one
The notation PM (particulate matter) is used to refer to the suspended particles that are part of the aerosol. The PM10 notation refers to the particles that pass through a size-selective head for an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm with a cutting efficiency of 50%, while for PM2.5 it represents particles of less than 2.5 µm of aerodynamic diameter.2 Other numerical values may similarly be used.
The generation of aerosols can be of natural origin or due to human activity. Some particles occur naturally, from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, and seawater spray . Human activities, such as burning fuels and altering the Earth’s surface, also generate aerosols. In global terms, artificial aerosols generated by human activities represent approximately 10% [required quotation of all aerosols in our atmosphere.
Colloid
In physics and chemistry, a colloid, colloidal system, colloidal suspension or colloidal dispersion is a physicochemical system formed by two or more phases, mainly: one continuous, normally fluid, and the other dispersed in the form of particles; usually solid. The dispersed phase is the one found in a smaller proportion. Normally the continuous phase is a liquid , but colloids can be found whose components are in other states of aggregation.
The name colloid comes from the Greek root kolas which means “it can stick.” This name refers to one of the main properties of colloids: their spontaneous tendency to add or form clots.
Colloids also affect the boiling point of water and are polluting.
Colloids differ from chemical suspensions, mainly in the particle size of the dispersed phase. The particles in the colloids are not directly visible, they are visible at the microscopic level (between 1 nm and 1 µm), and in the suspensions they are visible at the macroscopic level (greater than 1 µm). Furthermore, when resting, the phases of a suspension separate, while those of a colloid do not. The suspension is filterable, while the colloid is not filterable.
In some cases the particles are very large molecules like proteins . In the aqueous phase, a molecule folds in such a way that its hydrophilic part is on the outside, that is, the part that can form interactions with water molecules through ion-dipole forces or hydrogen bridge forces move to the external part of the molecule.
Mixture
In chemistry, a mixture is a material system made up of two or more pure substances but not chemically combined. A chemical reaction does not occur in a mixture and each of its components maintains its chemical properties and identity. However, some mixtures can be reactive, that is, their components can react with each other under certain environmental conditions, such as an air – fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine.
The components of a mixture can be separated by physical means such as distillation, dissolution, magnetic separation, flotation, filtration, decantation or centrifugation. If after mixing some substances they react chemically, then they cannot be recovered by physical means, since new compounds have been formed. Although there are no chemical changes, in a mixture some physical properties, such as the melting point, may differ from that of its components.
Mixtures are classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous. The components of a mixture can be solid , liquid or gaseous.
Solid
A solid body, is one of the three states of aggregation of matter, is characterized by its resistance to changes in shape and volume. Molecules in a solid have great cohesion and take well-defined shapes. There are several disciplines that study solids:
Solid state physics experimentally and theoretically studies condensed matter, that is, of liquids and solids that contain more than 1019 atoms in contact with each other1
Deformable solids mechanics studies macroscopic properties from the perspective of continuous media mechanics (stress, deformation, thermodynamic magnitudes, & c.) And ignores the internal atomic structure because for certain types of problems this is not relevant.
Materials science is primarily concerned with properties of solids such as structure and phase transformations.
Solid state chemistry specializes in the synthesis of new materials.
Keeping the pressure at low temperature constant, the bodies appear in solid form and are intertwined, generally forming crystalline structures. This gives the body the ability to withstand forces without apparent deformation. They are, therefore, generally rigid, incompressible (which cannot be compressed), hard and resistant aggregates. They have constant volume and do not diffuse, since they cannot be moved.
