Black phosphorus: It is one of the allotropic forms of elemental phosphorus. It is a thermodynamically stable form of phosphorus at room temperature and pressure.
Summary
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- 1 Physico-chemical characteristics
- 2 Allotropy
- 3 Obtaining
- 4 Uses
- 5 History
- 6 Sources
Physicochemical characteristics
Formula: P4. It is a conductor of electricity. In the vapor state it presents tetraatomic molecules (that is to say made up of four atoms) P4, with a tetrahedral structure. The structure consists of double layers, where each Phosphorus (P) atom is linked with 3 neighbors. The distance between the P atoms in the same layer is 2.33 Å, while the distance between the P atoms in successive layers is 3.59 Å. In appearance the properties and structure are like graphite, being black and flaky.
Allotropy
It is understood by the ability of certain chemical elements to present themselves with different chemical structures or with different physical characteristics, although it is necessary to clarify that for a chemical element to be considered allotropic, it must be in the same state. That is, if an element is originally a solid, its allotropic version must also be a solid, as in the case of Phosphorus.
Obtaining
Obtained by heating white phosphorus at high pressures (12,000 atmospheres)
Applications
Black phosphorus has great potential as a semiconductor for electronic applications. Although other nanomaterials with similar properties have already been found, such as white graphene. Black phosphorus is an almost identical equivalent to graphene and an excellent candidate to bring to life a new era of electronic components.
History
Black phosphorus was first prepared by PW Bridgman by treating white phosphorus at high pressures (13,000 kg / cm3) at 200 ° C.
