An interview is a conversation or exchange of ideas between two parties (interviewer and interviewee) in order to obtain valuable information.
Based on this, there are several types of interviews that can be classified according to the field in which they are carried out or the way in which they are carried out. In all cases, what is sought is for the interviewee to expose data or ideas that will help the interviewee to make certain decisions: select a candidate for a job, decide on the most appropriate medical or psychological treatment, or publish a journalistic note. .
Types of interview according to the area of knowledge
There are several types of interviews according to their scope:
Work interview
These are the interviews carried out in the personnel selection processes, in order to find the most qualified candidate for the requested position, according to the needs of the company.
In these types of meetings, the coach is generally a Human Resources specialist, who will be in charge of learning a little more about the candidate’s life and work experience. For his part, the person who aspires to the position must demonstrate that he has the technical and human capacities to assume the role to which he is applying.
There are multiple methodologies to apply in these cases, but most of them are usually face-to-face interviews and an atmosphere of relaxation is usually sought for applicants.
When a candidate is selected, he can be called for other interviews with who will be his superiors; otherwise, you will only have one interview and the recruiter will inform you that your process has been successful.
Psychological interview
Psychological interviews are used to collect data on the patient’s life and reasons for consultation. The more openness and honesty there is on the part of the patient, the psychologist will have a more complete vision of the situation and will be able to draw up a successful strategy.
Psychological interviews may vary depending on the stage of the patient psychologist relationship, but in general terms, a first interview is required to determine the reason for the consultation and to explore vital aspects that allow a better understanding of the patient’s context.
When the process has finished and it is considered that the patient can be discharged, a final interview will be conducted in which his current situation will be established.
Clinical interview
A clinical interview is a conversation between a doctor and a patient, in which the first will address the patient’s medical history through a series of questions. This information will be vital for the specialist to determine if medical treatment is necessary, perform a particular examination or if he should be referred to another specialty or health center.
Journalistic interview
It is the dialogue that a journalist maintains with a person or group of people in order to obtain data of interest for a journalistic investigation. In this sense, the interviewees may be recognized people who are consulted about matters of public interest or about their own career, but they can also be people who, without having relevance in public life, have valuable information, knowledge or testimony about a recent event.
See also Interview .
Types of interview according to their structure
Depending on the methodology applied, the interviews can be of three types:
Open interview
Also known as a free interview, it is one that is characterized by the absence of a questionnaire. It is a more relaxed dialogue, which allows the interviewee to feel more confident and that their responses are more spontaneous and fluid.
Structured or closed interview
In this case, the interviewer has a specific questionnaire or series of questions that will allow him to approach different aspects of the interviewee in a more efficient way. This type of interview is widely applied in personnel selection processes, due to its practicality.
Mixed interview
It is a mixture of the previous two. In these cases, part of the interview is carried out as a common conversation, and at some point closed or specific questions are asked.
Types of interview according to the media used
Face-to-face interviews
As the name implies, they require the presence of the interviewer and the interviewee. When it is a job interview, it is usually in the offices of the company that is doing the search.
Clinical and psychological interviews take place in the specialist’s office or in the emergency room, while face-to-face interviews for journalistic purposes are slightly freer: they can be carried out in the offices of the media outlet, in the interviewee’s home, on the street or in a neutral place, such as a cafe or a public space.
Telephone interviews
They are those that are carried out by telephone and are common in the recruitment processes because they allow the selector to make a first contact with the applicant before calling him or her for a face-to-face interview. In the journalistic field, they can be a resource when circumstances prevent a face-to-face meeting, but it is not recommended.
Email interviews
In this case, it may be forms sent by email to collect data that will be used in an investigation, but they are not usually as common in other areas, since there is no complete certainty that the responses are generated by the requested person.
Video call interviews
These types of interviews are a very popular resource today, because it allows face-to-face contact between the parties involved without the inconvenience of distance and travel to the meeting point.
Characteristics of the interviews
Although the types of interview differ from each other according to the scope and objectives to be achieved, there are some common characteristics that must be considered by both the interviewer and the interviewee:
- An interview requires at least one interviewer and one interviewee.
- The interview must have a defined objective.
- The interviewer must create a cordial space so that the interviewee feels comfortable. In this sense, good manners, education and courtesy help to lower the tension that the situation may generate. This applies in all cases, except for stress interviews, which seek to generate the opposite effect.
- An interview should be preceded by a little research. In the case of job interviews, the candidate is expected to know the trajectory of the company. In the same way, in journalistic interviews it is necessary to know a little about the history or circumstances of the interviewee or news event to ask pertinent questions.
- Journalistic interviews can be face-to-face and, in particular cases, by phone or video call.
- Job interviews can be in person, by phone, by mail or by video call.
- In psychological and medical interviews, the face-to-face interview prevails, for obvious reasons. However, advances in telemedicine have made it possible to have direct communication with health personnel regardless of distance, thanks to video calls or applications for medical purposes. This is especially useful in cases of primary medical care or patients with difficulties in moving.
