| When we store a file (a folder, an image, a video, a Word document, etc.), it retains its name and its own characteristics, but it is attached to the existing file system on the storage device; An analogy can be made with languages:
Assuming that an operating system is a language and the file is a word, the word “Hello” in Spanish, “Hello” in English and “Hallo” in German, ultimately mean a greeting regardless of the language, only THE FORM of Say it, the filesystem just changes THE WAY you store them.It is important to mention that among the operating systems some have the ability to interact their file systems with each other and others do not (basically the LINUX and Microsoft® Windows operating systems respectively). The UNIX and LINUX file system
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The Microsoft® Ms-DOS, Windows 3.11, and Windows 95 file system
- FAT: comes from (” File Allocation Table “), which means file location table. This table is kept on the hard drive of our computer, and contains a map of the entire unit so that it “knows” where each of the stored data is.
When a new file is written to the hard disk, it is stored in one or more clusters, depending on the size of the file (archive). Typical cluster sizes are 2,048 Bytes, 4,096 Bytes, or 8,192 Bytes. The operating system creates a FAT entry for each new file, saves and stores the position of the cluster (or clusters) where it has been saved. When we want to read a file, the operating system searches the FAT for its position for execution.
The first versions of Microsoft® Ms-DOS® used the classic FAT 16, with maximum sizes of 16 bits; this limited the total capacity of the hard disk to 512 MB, assuming the largest cluster size (8,192 Bytes). With the appearance of version 5.0 and the first versions of Windows 95, they could handle hard disks of a maximum of 2 GB (4×512 Bytes), also USB memories current use this file system. Microsoft® PC-DOS, Ms-DOS, Windows 3.11, and Windows 95 operating systems only recognize the FAT file system and the CDFS used on CD-ROM.
The Microsoft® Windows 98 and Windows Millenium file system
- FAT32: comes from (” File Allocation Table 32 “), which means 32-bit file location table. It is the file system that began to be used from the OSR2 version of Microsoft® Windows 95 , which has a better way of storing data with respect to FAT 16 since it can handle hard drives of up to 2 Terabytes. It is basically used with Microsoft® Windows 98 and Microsoft® Windows ME . Microsoft® Windows 98 and ME operating systems recognize the file system FAT, FAT32, the CDFS used on CD-ROM, and the UDF used on DVD-ROM.
The Microsoft® Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 file system
- NTFS: comes from (” New Technology File System “), which stands for new technology file system, used on the Windows NT® platform. It allows access to files and folders through permissions, it is not compatible with Linux (it only reads, and hardly writes), nor with Ms-DOS®, nor Windows 95, nor Windows 98 and it cannot access it either, it has a native compression format, allows encryption, supports 2 TB, not recommended on systems with less than 400 MB. Used for Microsoft® Windows XP and Microsoft® Windows Vista and Windows 7 . The Microsoft® Windows XP, Vista and 7operating systemsrecognize the file system FAT, FAT32, NTFS, the CDFS used on CD-ROM, the UDF used on DVD-ROM, and the LFS for discs without a master boot record.
- exFAT: comes from (” EXtended File Allocation Table “), which stands for extended file location table, which was designed for use in electronic storage devices based on the use of NAND memory technology , tale s like USB memory sticks and SSD drives, to be used with versions of Microsoft® Windows CE, it is important to mention that Windows Vista and 7 have support for formatting with this file system, just like MacOS® and Linux. An important feature is that it allows to store up to 1000 files in one folder.
New Microsoft® file systems
- WinFS: comes from 2 different meanings: (” Windows Future Storage “) and (” Windows File System “), meaning ” Windows ” storage of the future and ” Windows file system””. This system was developed by Microsoft® to facilitate the classification and searches of files, using a different mode than what we currently know as directory and file systems, based on search functions used in databases such as SQL; what was not clearly defined if WinFS was a 100% file system or as an addition to the NTFS system. This file system was envisioned as a proposal for use with Microsoft® Windows 7,but the project did not materialize and NTFS is preserved in such operating system.
The Apple® macOS file system
- HFS / HFS +: means (“Hierarchical File System”) or file system by hierarchy, I replace MFS (“Macintosh File System”) and the symbol + indicates extended, that is, the latest version of HFS. Developed by Apple®, it supports the use of 64-bit disk space addresses and allows the use of 32-bit file allocation blocks to boost disk efficiency by reducing space usage on large volumes or volumes. with a large number of files.
Sun® Solaris File System
- ZFS: stands for (“Zettabyte File System”) or ZettaByte file system, developed by Sun Microsystems for the Solaris operating system. It is a robust 128-bit file system, created to exceed the expectations of any real system, it has a lightweight file system, a new disk storage structure and simple space management, and a self-healing system called “Self-healing”.servers .
The file system of CDs, DVDs and Biu-ray (CDFS, UDF, LFS)
1.- Master boot record format: this is the ISO9660 standard file system, which typically in a single session, allows data to be stored and once this is done, it does not allow writing of new data (this is called logout). It allows you to store on any disc of the CD family, of DVDs such as DVD-R, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, etc. and Blu-ray Disc.
1.1 CDFS means (“Compact Disc File System”) or compact disc file system, which allows you to store exclusively on any disc of the CD family such as CD-RW, CD-R, CD-ROM, CD-R, etc.
