Partial abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins

Partial abnormal drainage of the pulmonary veins. It is defined when one or more , but not all, pulmonary veins connect to the superior vena cava, right atrium, or inferior vena cava. Partial drainage of the pulmonary veins is almost always accompanied by an atrial septal defect or as part of complex heart disease.

The following abnormalities are examined:

  1. Abnormal partial drainage of the pulmonary veins.
  2. Persistent left superior vena cava.
  3. Left superior vena cava draining into the right atrium.
  4. Absence of the inferior vena cava.
  5. Inferior vena cava in the left atrium.

Summary

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  • 1 Partial abnormal drainage of the pulmonary veins and other abnormalities
  • 2 Persistent left superior vena cava
  • 3 Left superior vena cava draining into the right atrium
  • 4 Absent inferior vena cava and its continuation through the azygos vein
  • 5 Inferior vena cava in the left atrium
  • 6 Source

Partial abnormal drainage of the pulmonary veins and other abnormalities

When the connection abnormality is from a pulmonary vein, the patient is asymptomatic and when there is more than one, they may have dyspnea or fatigue and in adults they may get congestive heart failure.They usually occur with a normal or slightly enlarged heart. size; normal or discretely increased pulmonary vascularity and dilated pulmonary artery.

Drainage of all veins of the right lung into the inferior vena cava is performed above or below the diaphragm and the atrial septum is usually intact and is accompanied by other abnormalities, including hypoplasia of the right lung and bronchial tree, dextroposition of the heart and hypoplasia of the right pulmonary artery. Due to the appearance of this somewhat curved right pulmonary vein, all these anomalies together have been called the scimitar syndrome (curved oriental saber).

Radiological view of the chest shows the right pulmonary vein curved up to the inferior vena cava.

Anomalous partial drainage of the pulmonary veins may accompany the atrial septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus and may not be clinically recognized due to the prevalence of the associated anomaly.

Persistent left superior vena cava

Physiologically, it is normal and its importance lies in the fact that 3 or 4% are associated with heart defects and the problems that can lead to cardiac catheterization.

The most frequent connection of the left superior vena cava is with the coronary sinus and when it is connected with the right superior vena cava, it is done through the innominate vein.

The most frequent associations are; common atrium, endocardial bearing defects, atrial septal defect, oval fossa type. In the simple radiological examination of the chest, the right superior border of the cardiac silhouette can be seen.

When the left superior vena cava drains into the coronary sinus and you have another heart defect, usually the axis of the QRS complex on the left and the axis of P between +15 and –20 degrees.

Upper left vena cava draining into the right atrium

It is rare and chest radiography and electrocardiogram are normal.

Absent inferior vena cava and its continuation through the azygos vein

The inferior vena cava has a short intrathoracic portion, which can sometimes be seen in the right cardiophrenic angle and is best seen in lateral view. When the epatic portion of the inferior vena cava is absent, the prehepatic portion is continued with the azygos vein to drain the contents into the right superior vena cava. This anomaly has a benign course, but when associated with an intracardiac defect, the evolution of heart disease can be serious.

The diagnosis is based on the absence of the inferior vena cava and a bulge in the frontal view of the thorax at the junction of the superior vena cava with the right atrium due to the dilation of the azygos vein. This dilation can be mistaken for adenopathy or the right aortic button or that the azygos is dilated because it drains the common pulmonary vein. The presence of this anomaly is a frequent sign in the diagnosis of polysplenia.

Inferior vena cava in the left atrium

Extraordinarily rare, in the neonatal period it presents with cyanosis and growth of the left cavities.

 

by Abdullah Sam
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