Parallel universes

Parallel Universes make up one of the most controversial enigmas. It is a subject that belongs to esoteric knowledge, which has been dealt with by science fiction and which has encouraged sages, philosophers and men of science to expand on the most diverse theories and hypotheses in this regard; both as regards the nature of these Universes, as well as their location with respect to our known Universe.

Summary

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• 1 Studies on parallel universes
  • 1 Everett’s theory of multiple universes
  • 2 Black holes as input to parallel Universes
• 2 Strange Events
• 3 Source

Studies on parallel universes

Parallel universes really exist, according to the mathematical discovery made by Oxford scientists , described by one expert as “one of the most important developments in the history of science.” The parallel universe theory, first proposed in 1950 by the American physicist Hugh Everett , is said to help explain the mysteries of quantum mechanics that have puzzled scientists for decades. In Everett’s “many worlds” universe, every time a new physical possibility is explored, the universe splits. Given a number of resulting possible alternatives, each of them is performed in its own universe.

A motorcyclist who is spared a hair from an accident, for example, might feel lucky to have escaped. But in a parallel universe, another version of the same biker would have died. And in another universe we would see the motorcyclist recover after a stay in the hospital. The number of alternative scenarios is infinite. It is a strange idea that has been dismissed as fanciful by many experts. But new research done at Oxford shows that it offers a mathematical answer to quantum puzzles, so it shouldn’t be lightly dismissed, and suggests that Dr. Everett, who was a doctoral student at Princeton University when he proposed his theory, might be in the correct road.

According to quantum mechanics, something cannot be said to exist at the subatomic level until it is observed. Until then, the particles occupy a “superimposed” state nebula, in which they can simultaneously have “up” and “down” spins, or appear in different places at the same time. The observations seem to “force” the particle to adopt a particular state of reality, in a similar way to what happens to a coin that is spinning through the air, and which can only be said to show “face” or ” cross ”once caught. According to quantum mechanics, the unobserved particles are described as a wave function, and represent a set of multiple “probable” states. When an observer performs a measurement, the particle is forced to adopt one of those several options.

Everett’s theory of multiple universes

One of the most curious scientific versions that use parallel universes is Hugh Everett’s interpretation of multiple universes (IMM). This theory appears within quantum mechanics as a possible solution to the problem of measurement in quantum mechanics. Everett described his interpretation rather as a meta-theory. From a logical point of view, Everett’s construction evades many of the problems associated with other more conventional interpretations of quantum mechanics, however, in the current state of knowledge, there is no solid empirical basis for this interpretation.

The measurement problem is one of the main “philosophical fronts” that quantum mechanics opens up. Although quantum mechanics has been the most accurate physical theory so far, allowing theoretical calculations related to natural processes to give 20 correct decimals and has provided a large number of practical applications (nuclear power plants, high precision clocks, computers), There are certain difficult points in interpreting some of its results and foundations (Nobel laureate Richard Feynman joked that “I think no one really understands quantum mechanics”).

The measurement problem can be informally described as follows:

1- According to quantum mechanics, a physical system, whether it is a set of electrons orbiting an atom, is described by a wave function. Said wave function is a mathematical object that supposedly describes the maximum possible information that a pure state contains.
2- If no one outside or inside the system observed or tried to see how the system is, quantum mechanics would tell us that the state of the system evolves deterministically. In other words, you could perfectly predict where the system will go.
3- The wave function informs us what are the possible results of a measurement and its relative probabilities, but it does not tell us what concrete result will be obtained when an observer actually tries to measure the system or find out something about it. In fact, the measure on a system is a random value among the possible results.

That poses a serious problem: if people and scientists or observers are also physical objects like any other, there should be some deterministic way of predicting how, after pairing the system under study with the measuring apparatus, we finally arrive at a deterministic result. But the postulate that a measurement destroys the “coherence” of an unobserved state and inevitably after the measurement remains in a random mixed state, it seems that it only leaves us three ways out:

(A) Either we give up on understanding the process of decoherence, whereby a system goes from having a pure state that evolves deterministically to having a mixed or “incoherent” state.
(B) Or we admit that there are some non-physical objects called “consciousness” that are not subject to the laws of quantum mechanics and that solve the problem for us.
(C) Or we try to propose a theory that explains the measurement process, and it is not the measurements that determine the theory.

Different physicists have taken different solutions to this “trilemma”:

1- Niels Bohr, who proposed an initial model of the atom that ended up giving rise to quantum mechanics and was long considered one of the defenders of the Copenhagen orthodox interpretation, would lean towards (A).
2- John Von Neumann, the mathematician who created the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and who contributed great ideas to quantum theory, leaned towards (B).
3- The interpretation of Hugh Everett is one of the approaches that bet of type (C).

Everett’s proposal is that each measurement “unfolds” our universe into a series of possibilities (or perhaps the mutually unobservable parallel universes already existed and each of them gives a different realization of the possible results of the measurement). Everett’s idea and formalism is perfectly logical and coherent, although some points about how to interpret certain aspects, in particular how unobservability or coordination between these universes is achieved so that something slightly different happens in each one. But otherwise it is a logically coherent and possible explanation, which initially did not arouse much enthusiasm simply because it is not clear that it is a falsifiable possibility.

The Principle of dimensional simultaneity, establishes that two or more physical objects, realities, perceptions and non-physical objects, can coexist in the same space-time. This principle supports IMM theory and Level III Multiverse theory.

Black holes as entrance to parallel Universes

An artist’s view of a black hole with accretion disk. It has been pointed out that some exact solutions of Einstein’s field equations can be extended by analytic continuation beyond singularities giving rise to mirror universes of ours. Thus the Schwarzschild solution for a universe with spherical symmetry in which the central star has collapsed compressing below its Schwarzschild radius could be analytically continued to a white hole solution (a Schwarzchild white hole behaves like the temporal reversal of a Schwarzschild black hole). The complete solution describes two asymptotically flat universes linked by a black hole zone (inside the event horizon). Two travelers from two mirror universes could meet,

An equally interesting possibility is the Reissner-Nordström and Kerr-Newman universes. This last universe is a possible solution of Einstein’s equations that can be continued analytically through a spatial singularity avoidable by a traveler. Unlike the complete Schwarzchild solution, the solution of this problem gives the possibility of communicating the two universes without having to go through the corresponding event horizons through an area called the ergosphere.

Strange happenings

There are several facts regarding disappearances of people, objects, etc., without leaving any trace, and also others in which unforeseen appearances have occurred, apparently arising from time, both past and future.

• In the city of South Bend, in the state of Indiana ,  In the USA , an unusual and surprising event occurred.

The good night of the year 1890; Tom Lerch, head of the family, was at home surrounded by friends and other members of the family, including his 20-year-old son Oliver; who would later depart on a journey, perhaps, with no return. It was around ten at night and his mother was making dinner arrangements when she asked Oliver to go to the well for water; He put on his coat and left the house. It was not long before the people gathered there suddenly heard a terrifying scream, in which they could recognize Oliver’s anguished voice asking for help, repeatedly shouting: “Help, they have grabbed me.” “Help, help,” his voice now came from heaven, but there was absolutely nothing to be seen in it, despite the moonlight.

Several hypotheses have been presented on this case, two of which are the most commonly stated: it would be a possible abduction by an extraterrestrial ship, or the passage to an unknown dimension.

• A case published in the newspaper La Razonof the 21 of maypole of 1974 ; It says the following verbatim: “ Bogotá (AFP). A bus with 67 Ecuadorian students and hiking teachers has been lost since Sunday in Colombian territory. The vehicle had left Tulcan ( Ecuador ) for Pasto and Ipiales ( Colombia ) on the border of the two countries, led by Professor Ricardo Espinosa. Civil defense patrols began searching for hikers with whom all contact was lost since the start of their trip. ”

This information appeared after two days of notification of the disappearance of this large group; nothing else was reported in this regard.

• More than two centuries ago, exactly in 1707, Archduke Carlos was preparing to invade Spain . A large contingent of some 4,000 soldiers had camped on a plain near the Pyrenees ; his mission was to follow his march the next day towards these mountains. As planned, the next day they made camp and started the march. Shortly after their departure and in absolute clarity, they “simply” disappeared, leaving nothing in place, as if they had crossed the threshold of the invisible and imperceptible, perhaps a dimensional door?
• Another fact published in newspapers in the country, in the month of November 1965, reads as follows: “A Douglas DC-4, T-48 plane of the Argentine Air Force fell into the Caribbean Sea, after having left Panama , disappearing its 69 crew: officers and cadets from the Córdoba Military Aviation School . ”

An extensive and prolonged search was carried out in areas of Costa Rica , without leaving any positive balance; it was only known that the plane with all its crew had disappeared; nothing was found that could indicate a possible accident.

• In the book “The World of Psychic Phenomena”, that is, “The World of Psychic Phenomena”, by F. Edsall, a case appears that is very eloquent; it is about the appearance and materialization of a group of soldiers in hard contention.

This took place in Keiton , England , was days before Christmas, when shortly after midnight, local farmers woke up to the noise that seemed to produce firearms and murmurs of struggle; They left their houses and were amazed to see nothing less than the materialization of soldiers entangled in a violent battle. According to their flags and clothing, they were identified as the troops of Parliament and those of the Royal Army of Carlos I. After two hours of fierce fighting, the troops of Parliament completely defeated the Royal Army; In the midst of the triumph and the jubilation of the victors everything vanished, leaving the place as if nothing had happened, the calm in the village of Keiton had been reborn. The same happened on two more occasions, the following two days. The amazing thing about this event lies in the fact that these peasants and villagers witnessed something that had not yet happened for them; it was about the battle of Edge Hill , fought in that same village, but, paradoxically after having been seen by these people on October 23 , 1642 .

Eliminating the possibility of a probable hallucination or collective psychosis, since this, obviously, in the conditions in which the event took place is somewhat difficult to occur, it could be said that this appearance actually arose from time, from a Parallel Universe or of a dimension that, like so many things, we do not know at the moment.

• A story published in the Sunday Expressof London , on September 21 of 1924 , comments: “The day 24 of July of 1924 , while continuing hostilities between Arabs and English, the English Headquarters sent the official driver  Stewart and Lt. William Day on a special mission in the Mesopotamia desert; the purpose of the flight was to carry out a reconnaissance of the area, without intervening in any way in battle. After several hours of waiting, the General Command began to fear in a possible accident, since the plane did not return. After a few more hours, which they thought was prudent to wait, the search was ordered. Tracking the region, he was finally able to find the plane, which was in perfect condition; nothing indicated a possible attack, the strange thing was that the two crew members were not at the scene. Shortly thereafter footprints corresponding to both pilots were discovered, followed, and at a distance of approximately fifty meters, abruptly disappeared, there being no trace in the immediate vicinity. A truly puzzling case. Could it be a passage to another dimension,
• A similar event to that occurred in 1707is the one carried out by Japanese infants, during the Second World War . This occurred on a Pacific island , while a company of Marines was exercising; In one of their movements, the entire company “disappeared” before the naive gaze of hundreds of other soldiers watching the maneuvers; It was in the blink of an eye, “they were, instantly they were gone.”

It seems to happen, and in all cases something of this is glimpsed, that on certain occasions, mysterious doors open to “swallow” something from our world or our Universe. Obviously there are certain conditions that must be met to make the passage of something or someone from this world to another “parallel” and reciprocally effective.

• Another well-known and commented mystery is that of the island of San Brandán. This island has been appearing and disappearing for centuries, being able to see every opportunity a few minutes. Already in the Middle Ages this island was known; sometimes they went to the extreme of organizing expeditions to go on their conquest. One of the last appearances was recorded on April 26 , 1967 ; It was seen by thousands of inhabitants of Hierro, one of the islands of the Canary Islands archipelago . It is said that, perhaps, the island of San Brandán would escape from a Parallel World, to appear in ours and finally return to the one of its origin.