Nozzle . Device that converts the potential energy of a fluid (in thermal and pressure form) into kinetic energy . As such, it is used in turbomachines and other machines, such as injectors (a device used to pump fluids ). The increase in speed that the fluid undergoes as it travels along the nozzle is accompanied by a decrease in its pressure and temperature, as energy is conserved.
Summary
[ hide ]
- 1 History
- 2 nozzles
- 1 Nozzles in a jet engine
- 2 Injection nozzles for diesel engines
- 3 See also
- 4 Sources
History
Carl Gustav Patrick de Laval designed the steam turbine that incorporated his dairy mills. With intuition and experimentation, at a time when there was no theory to justify the behavior of gases , he designed the covergent-divergent nozzle that allows the maximum energy to be extracted from a jet of hot gas. Initially applied to steam engines to separate butter, it is used today in rockets to reach the stars.
Nozzles
Nozzles on a jet engine
Rocket engine nozzles of the world’s first spacecraft
The simplest nozzle is a more or less long tube located behind the last turbine of the engine whose mission is to channel the air flow backwards. Those used today in combat aircraft have at their end a series of screw jacks that allow the plates that make up said section to move, in such a way that it is possible to increase or decrease the diameter of the section, thereby modifying the gas exit velocity and with it the final thrust.
Some nozzles can also move up and down (the two-way calls) or in any direction (the three-dimensional calls), deflecting the gases in a certain direction, which modifies the force vector of the thrust and therefore helps the aircraft to rotate more speed.
Injection nozzles for diesel engines
Injection nozzles
They are the elements in charge of introducing the pulverized diesel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. The nozzles are made up of a piston-cylinder assembly. At one end of the cylinder it contains a very fine hole through which diesel is expelled at high pressure. When the piston that seals the holes rises under pressure, it unclogs the holes, allowing a fine stream of pulverized diesel to enter the combustion chamber. The piston that acts as a valve can be needle or conical.