Memory is a general term that refers to any physical computer device that is capable of storing data permanently or temporarily. Memory is a vital component because the performance of a computer unit is determined by one of these components, the greater the storage space and speed of memory, the better the performance of a computer unit.
Computer memory can have volatile or non-volatile properties. Computer memory that has folatile properties will lose content (data or information) when the computer is off (loses power), otherwise computer memory that is non-folatile will still store content even if the computer is off. Computer memory can be classified into two, namely main memory (secondary memory) and secondary memory (secondary memory)
Main memory (main memory).
Main memory is used as fast data access by the processor and does not function as a place to store data. The main memory can be classified into two namely ROM (Read Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory) or also known as Read and Write Memory (RWM).
Read Only Memory (ROM).
ROM is a type of memory whose contents are not lost when the computer turns off (loses power). At first this memory can only be read, can not be deleted and the contents have been filled in the manufacturer. When the computer is turned on, part of the content (instructions) in the ROM will be moved to RAM. The instructions in the ROM include instructions for reading the operating system, checking all components of the system and displaying messages on the screen.
In its development, ROM has several types, namely PROM (Programmable ROM) is ROM that can be reprogrammed once, RPROM (Re-Programmable ROM) is ROM that can be programmed as desired, EPROM (Eraseble Programmable ROM) is ROM that can be removed using light ultraviolet and reprogrammed and EEPROM (Electically Eraseble Programmable ROM) is ROM that can be erased by an electrical signal and reprogrammed. On desktop computers, ROM is also known as BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) or ROM-BIOS.
Random Access Memory (RAM).
RAM is a collection of memory chips in the form of IC (Integrated Circuit) consisting of millions of transistors and capacitors. RAM is a temporary storage area of the computer when running and can be accessed randomly (random). The contents of RAM can be changed (replaced) and are folatile. The main function of RAM is to speed up data processing because it can be stored and retrieved very quickly.
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The more RAM the computer has, the faster the performance of the computer. RAM is divided into two types namely DRAM (Dynamic RAM) is the main memory of the computer (eg FPM, EDO, SDRAM, RDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM and DDR4 SDRAM) and SRAM (Static RAM) is RAM used as cache high speed and buffer.
- Secondary memory (secondary memory).
Are non-folatile and are used as large-scale storage devices to store data and programs permanently. Data and programs stored in secondary memory are still present and will not be lost even if the computer is dead (no power). This data can be copied to a variety of other secondary memory devices and will remain the same when opened on another computer. Secondary memory can be divided into Optical Storage Devices, Magnetic Storage Devices and Flash Memory Devices.
Optical Storage Device.
Data storage devices are small and portable and can be obtained easily and cheaply on the market (for example Compact Discs, DVDs and Blu-ray Discs).
Magnetic Storage Device.
The most popular storage device for direct access. Data or information is stored on tracks from the disk surface in the form of small magnetic dots (for example Floppy Discs and Hard Disc Drives).
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Flash Memory Device.
Storage device with a light and small design. This device is operated with power supplied from the computer’s USB port (eg USB Flash Drive , Solid State Drive).