Hyperkalemia .

Hyperkalemia . The concentration of potassium in the serum is higher than that of the plasma in the same patient in an average ratio of 0.2 mEq / L. the difference can be 0.9 mEq / L. There are various circumstances in which laboratory results indicative of serum potassium elevation may be obtained in patients in whom their serum levels are normal. This situation can lead to indicating treatment for hyperkalemia that is not real, which is called “false hyperkalemia.”

Summary

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  • 1 Etiology
  • 2 Clinical picture
  • 3 Treatment
  • 4 Sources

Etiology

Hyperkalemia can be determined by various causes:

  • Excessive potassium intake .
  • Exaggerated potassium retention ( kidney failure ).
  • Alterations of the renima-aldosterone axis.
  • Movement of potassium into the extracellular space (acidosis, tissue catabolism, and cell destruction).
  • Renal insensitivity to atrial natriuretic peptide.
  • Effects of various medications and drugs .

Clinical picture

The effects of hyperkalemia are essentially limited to muscle weakness and abnormal cardiac conduction. The most important aspect is its toxicity to the heart , which is confirmed by the electrocardiographic manifestations consisting of alterations in atrial and ventricular repolarization and depolarization.

Treatment

Its objective is aimed at controlling the underlying disease and regulating the high number of potassium , which is achieved by stimulating these metabolic mechanisms:

  • Dilute extracellular potassium.
  • Create a chemical membrane mechanism antagonistic to potassium.
  • Increase the flow of potassium into the cell .
  • Promote the release of potassium from the body.

 

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