Distillation is basically as a process of separating chemical components aimed at purifying the liquid form of the boiling point of the substance. Besides distillation can separate the types of liquid chemicals with solids.
The vapor produced is free vapor, while the concentrated falling is called desylate, the non-evaporating part is called residue. If the desired part is a mixture that does not become steam, then the process is called thickening with evaporation.
table of contents
- Distillation
- Distillation Circuit
- Distillation Tool Function
- Principle of Distillation Work
- Distillation Example
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Distillation
The discussion about the meaning of distillation will not be separated from the term extraction in chemistry, this is because it becomes a method of separation between two chemical components. The separation process in extraction involves substances that can dissolve in a collection but are not soluble if using a solvent.
Extraction can occur due to several factors. These factors include the particle size to be extracted, the type of solvent, the temperature of the air, and the technique used. The techniques in extraction consist of several types, namely maceration, digestion, socletation, percolation, reflux, infusion, decoction, and distillation. Whereas distillation is also called distillation or purification on the separation of two different components.
Distillation Circuit
Simple Distillation Tool
Speaking of distillation, will be closely related to the circuit consisting of tools and materials. Simple distillation laboratory equipment consists of quite a number of different types, but the functions are interrelated with one another.
- Distillation measuring flask sample
- Connecting test tube
- Thermometer
- The condenser
- Cooling water enters
- Cooling water comes out
- Round pumpkin bottom
- Gas inlet
- Stirrer
- Heater
- Cooling pads
Distillation Tool Function
The function of the distillation devices can be seen from the distillation process itself, which is as follows:
- The distillation process begins with the inclusion of the mixture in the distillation flask.
- The mixture is heated by a heat source, as well as a batch of heaters.
- Thermometers are used to control the temperature of the mixture, so that the distillation results run well.
- After being at the optimal temperature, which is around 34.6 degrees Celsius, the mixture is stirred in a motion controlled by the stirrer control.
- At this temperature, the component will evaporate, so that steam will rise and flow through the connecting tube and lead to the condenser.
- Furthermore, cooling water flows from the pipe to the other pipes.
- The function of the condenser in the distillation process is to cool the gas, so that the gas will be converted into a liquid through the condensation process.
- The liquid will enter the connecting tube, and will fall into the last place.
- The distillation process ends with a refrigeration batch, so the liquid will not form steam, but it will survive as a liquid in the flask.
Principle of Distillation Work
Each distillation process has a working principle namely;
If a substance in the solution does not evaporate simultaneously, it means that the vapor of the solution has different components from the original solution
However, if one of the substances is evaporated, the separation process occurs completely. One other condition is that when both of them evaporate, the separation process only occurs in part. Nevertheless desylate and product will be richer than the original solution.
Distillation Example
As for giving a more in-depth explanation, in this case for example distillation for example in;
Crude oil
Petroleum is one of the most obvious examples of distillation acting on the application of chemistry. The content of oil which incidentally contains hydrocarbons (alkanes and aromatics), and a mixture of nomenclature of chemical compounds in which 5 and 40 carbon atoms are made up.
Until finally the distillation of this petroleum fraction can produce several separations that we encounter in everyday life, for example from premium, pertalite, solar, Pertamax, and so forth.
Well, that was the article that we could write and have been given to all readers regarding the series of distillation tools , functions, working principles, and examples. Hopefully can provide education for all of you.
