Chronic lymphocytic leukemia , small cell lymphocytic lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) usually occur in people between 65 and 70 years of age and are almost always diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease with compromised the bone marrow.
Summary
[ hide ]
- 1 Features
- 1 What is it?
- 2 Present
- 3 Stages of cancer
- 4 Sources
characteristics
When most cancers compromise blood and bone marrow , doctors refer to the disease as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, when the cancer mostly involves the lymph nodes, it can be referred to as small cell lymphocytic lymphoma. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia in adults, and together with small cell lymphocytic lymphoma, both are responsible for 6% to 10% of all cancers that involve the lymphatic system.
What is it?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer that involves abnormal mature lymphocytes in the body. There is a marked increase in the number of abnormal lymphocytes due, in part, to the prolonged survival of the cells. This is not a fast growing cancer, but abnormal cells accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen, causing enlargement of these organs, decreased bone marrow, and decreased function. immunological . This disease interferes with the normal production of antibodies and immunoglobulins, so the body cannot fight infections properly.
They present
These diseases have other unique characteristics that are not present in other types of leukemia and can be associated with the destruction of red blood cells and platelets by the immune system, known as autoimmune cytopenias. Patients suffering from these diseases may also experience repeated infections due to low levels of normal immunoglobulin production .
Furthermore, for the histologic classification of CLL and small cell lymphocytic lymphoma, it is important to determine the stage or location where the cancer has spread in the body. All new treatment information is classified and analyzed by the stages or extent of the disease. Determining the extent of the spread or stage of the cancer requires numerous procedures, including CT and MRI scans and blood tests. The goal of staging is to determine which patients have an early or advanced stage of cancer.
Cancer stages
- Stage I: Cancer is found only in one lymph node, in the immediate area around the node, or in a single organ.
- Stage II: Cancer involves more than one lymph node in the area on one side of the diaphragm (the breathing muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest).
- Stage III: Cancer involves the lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm. For example, the lymph nodes under the arm and in the abdomen may be swollen.
- Stage IV: Cancer involves one or more organs outside the lymphatic system or a single organ and a lymph node in a distant location.
In some patients, leukemia may manifest outside of the lymphatic system, in adjacent organs. This is known as extranodal extension , and it is distinguished with an “E” next to the stage. For example, a patient with stage II leukemia that has spread to the lungs should be called stage IIE. Patients with these diseases may also experience general symptoms of them. Patients with fever, night sweats, or significant weight loss have “B” symptoms. If these specific symptoms are not present, the patient will be classified as “A”. Relapse / Refractory: Cancer persists or returns (recurrence or relapse) after treatment.
