Annex: Ecclesiastical abbreviations

The ecclesiastical abbreviations . The words abbreviated are generally names, titles of persons or corporations, and words of frequent occurrence. The Roman Republic used them and also the Roman Empire . Jewish scribes and Talmudic scholars also resorted to abbreviations frequently. Production centers for technical manuscripts such as the Papal Chancellery (the  Vatican ), the theological schools in Paris (France) and Oxford (England), and the civil law school in the city of Bologna (Italy) imposed the abbreviation standards for All Europe.

Summary

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• 1 The abbreviation
• 2 History
  • 1 The printing press and abbreviations
• 3 Classification
• 4 Abbreviations used in Apostolic Rescripts
• 5 General Use Abbreviations, Mainly Ecclesiastical
• 6 Abbreviations in inscriptions of the catacombs
• 7 Abbreviations of Titles of the Main Religious Orders and Congregations of Priests
• 8 Sources

The abbreviation

Main article: Abbreviations .

The abbreviation is the representation of a word in writing with one or more of its letters. These letters keep the same order as in the word to be abbreviated. An abbreviation is read by developing the entire abbreviated word.

History

Between the 7th and 9th centuries the ancient Roman system of abbreviations gave way to a more difficult one which gradually grew in the monastic houses and in the chancelleries of the new Teutonic kingdoms . The Papal Chancellery, the theological schools in Paris and Oxford , and the Bologna school of civil law imposed the standards of abbreviations in Europe at the time.

Medieval manuscripts abound with abbreviations. The medieval writer inherited a few of these from Christian antiquity ; others he invented or adapted to save time and parchment . These are found especially in manuscripts of scholastic theology and canon law, annals and chronicles, Roman law, and administrative, civil, and privilege documents, bulls, and rescripts.

Printing and abbreviations

Abbreviations multiplied and became more numerous with the discovery of the printing press ; many of the earliest printed books offer this quirk along with other features of the handwritten page.

The development of the printing press brought with it the abandonment of many abbreviations at the same time that it suggested and introduced new ones, a process also favored by the growth of ecclesiastical legislation, the creation of new offices, etc.

Classification

The Bible, the Holy Book of Christians, uses the abbreviations

Habit and convenience are today the main reason for the use of abbreviations. Most of those in current use fall under one or the other of the following headings:

1. Administrative: Under this heading you can include all the forms used in the composition of papal documents and it also includes the abbreviations for the names of most of the venues and those used in the ordinary relationship to address individuals or members of religious orders, congregations , institutes, to which can be added the forms of addressing members of the Catholic Societies of laity and the Papal Orders to merit. The abbreviations of the titles of the Roman Congregations and those of individual canonical ecclesiastical authorities also belong to this classification.
2. Liturgical: Those used in the descriptions of liturgical acts, or in the instructions for their performance, for example, the Holy Mass, the Divine Office (Breviary), ecclesiastical devotions, etc. The abbreviated forms for the name of God, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit are also classified here. Also the names of the Virgin Mary, of the Saints, etc., as well as the abbreviations used in the administration of the Sacraments, mortuary epitaphs, etc. (class to which the numerous inscriptions in the catacombs belong). Finally, some miscellaneous abbreviations are included such as those used in the publication of documents concerning beatification and canonization.
3. Scholastic: Used to designate honorary titles acquired in schools, to avoid repetition of long titles of books and reviews, or to facilitate reference to ecclesiastical and civil legislation.
4. Chronological: Class of abbreviations that are used to describe the elements of the civil or ecclesiastical year.

Abbreviations used in Apostolic Rescripts

• – Absolutio (absolution).
• – Aliter (otherwise).
• Apply – Apostolic (apostolic).
• – Approbatis (having been approved).
• – Archiepiscopus (archbishop).
• – Auctoritate (by authority).
• – Canonize (canonically).
• – Cardinalis Cardinal).
• – Censuris (censures – ablative or dative case).
• – Circumspectione (circumspection – ablative case).
• – Communione (Communion – ablative case).
• – Confession (Confession – ablative case).
• – Conscientiae (of [or] consciousness).
• Constbus – Constitutionibus (Constitutions – ablative or dative case).
• – Discretioni (at discretion).
• – Dispensatio (dispensation).
• Dnus – Dominus (Lord).
• – Ecclesiae (of (or for) the Church).
• – Ecclesiasticis (ecclesiastic).
• – Effectum (effect).
• – Episcopus (Bishop).
• – Excommunicatione (excommunication – ablative case).
• – Existit (exists).
• – Frater (brother).
• – Fratrum (of the brothers).
• Gnalis – Generalis (general).
• Humble – Humiliter (humbly).
• – Hujusmodi (of this class).
• – Igitur (therefore).
• – Infrascriptum (written below).
• – Introscribed (written inside).
• – Irregularitate (irregularity – ablative case).
• – Licentia (license).
• – Legitima (legitimate).
• – Litterae (letters).
• – Bid (legally or lawfully).
• – Magistro (teacher – ablative or dative case).
• – Misericorditer (mercifully).
• – Miseratione (piety – ablative case).
• – Matrimonium (marriage).
• – Nullatenus (not at all).
• – Ordinationi (ordination – ablative case).
• – Ordinary (ordinary – ablative or dative case).
• – Presbyter (priest).
• – Poenitentia (penance).
• – Poenitentiary (Penitentiary; that is, Court of the Apostolic Penitentiary).
• – Praesentium (of those present, or of the present document).
• – Posse (being capable, power, or the ability to do something).
• – Pontificatus (pontificate).
• — Dad dad).
• – Pater (Father).
• – Procurator.
• – Praefertur (preferred or presented).
• – Praefatus (above).
• – Quod (because, that or which).
• – Quomodolibet (in any way).
• – Quatenus (insofar as, as for).
• – Religione (religion or Religious Order – ablative case).
• – Regulari (regular).
• – Romana (Roman / a).
• I came out. – Salutari (healthy, healing).
• – Sententia (opinion).
• , Stae. – Sanctae (holy or holy – feminine).
• – Specialiter (especially).
• Spualibus – Spiritualibus (in spiritual matters).
• – Supplicationibus (supplication – dative or ablative case).
• Thia, Theolia. Theologia (Theology).
• – Tituli (titles).
• – Tantum (as much or only).
• – Tamen (however).
• Venebli – Venerabili (venerable).
• – Vestrae (his, yours).

General Use Abbreviations, Mainly Ecclesiastical

• AB – Artium Baccalaureus (bachelor of art).
• – Abbas (abbot).
• – Archbishop
• – Absens (absent).
• C. – Auditor Camerae (Auditor of the Papal Treasury).
• AC – Ante Christum (before Christ).
• ACN – Ante Christum Natum (before the birth of Christ).
• AD – Anno Domini (the year of Our Lord).
• ad – ante diem (the day before).
• Rev. – Admodum Reverendus (Very Reverend).
• – Adventus (Advent).
• – Albus (white, Breviary).
• to the. – alii, alibi, alias (others, elsewhere, otherwise).
• AM – Anno Mundi (year of the world).
• AM – Artium Magister (Master of Arts).
• AMDG – Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam (for the greater glory of God).
• – Annus (year).
• – Anni (years).
• Ana, Ant. – antiphon
• – Apostolus (Apostle).
• Be. – Apostolica Sedes (Apostolic See).
• Be. Leg. – Apostolicae Sedis Legatus (Legacy of the Apostolic See).
• – Archiepiscopus (archbishop).
• – Archidiaconus (archdeacon).
• – Archipresbyter (archipresbyter).
• ARS – Anno Reparatae Salutis (in the year of our Redemption).
• AU – Alma Urbs (beloved city, that is, Rome).
• – Authentic (authentic, for example, letters).
• – Auxilium, Auxilio (help, with the help of).
• BA – Baccalaureus Artium (Bachelor of Arts).
• BB. – Beatus, Beati (blessed, blessed).
• BC – before Christ
• BCL – Baccalaureus Civilis [or Canonicae] Legis (bachelor of civil [or canonical] law).
• BD – bachelor in divinity
• BF – Bona Fide (in good faith).
• – Benedictio (blessing).
• – Benevolentia (benevolence).
• Mem. – Bonae Memoriae (from happy memory).
• BP – Beatissime Pater (beatísimo / Santísimo Padre).
• — Brother
• I know. – Baccalaureus Scientiarum (bachelor of science).
• BUJ – Baccalaureus Utriusque Juris (baccalaureate in both laws, that is, civil and canonical).
• BT – Baccalaureus Theologiae (Bachelor of Theology).
• BV – Beatitudo Vestra (His Holiness).
• BV – Blessed Virgo (Blessed Virgin).
• BVM – Blessed Virgo Maria (Blessed Virgin Mary).
• – Camera (Papal Treasury).
• Ap. – Camera Apostolica (Apostolic Chamber – for example: Papal Treasury).
• – Canonicus (canonical).
• – Cancellarius (chancellor).
• – Capitulum (small chapter – Breviary).
• of seq. – Capitulum de Sequenti (small chapter of the following party – Breviary).
• – Capella (chapel).
• – Cause (cause).
• CC – Curatus (cure – used mainly in Ireland).
• VV. – Clarissimi Viri (illustrious men).
• Eccl. – Censorship Ecclesiastica (ecclesiastical censorship).
• – Clause (clause).
• , Clico. – Clericus, Clerico (cleric).
• – Cluniacenses (monks of Cluny).
• CM – Causa Mortis (in cause of death).
• – Codex (manuscript).
• Leg. – Cognatio Legalis (legal recognition).
• Spir. – Cognatio Spiritualis (spiritual cognition).
• With e. – Collectio Conciliorum (collection of councils).
• Prec. – Commemoratio Praecedentis (commemoration of the preceding festival – Breviary).
• I know that. – Commemoratio Sequentis (commemoration of the following feast – Breviary).
• – Completorium (Completas – Breviary).
• – Against (against).
• With e. – Concilium (council).
• – Confessor
• Doct. – confessor and doctor (Breviary).
• Pont. – Confessor Pontifex (confessor and bishop – Breviary).
• – Consecratio (consecration).
• – Consecratus (consecrated).
• Ap. – Constitutio Apostolica (Apostolic Constitution).
• – Creed (creed – Breviary).
• – Dominus (Lord).
• – dies (day).
• DCL – Doctor Civilis [or Canonicae] Legis (doctor of civil [or Canonical] law).
• DD – Doctors (doctors).
• DD – Donum dedit; Dedicavit (given, dedicated).
• DD – Doctor Divinitatis (doctor of divinity, that is, theology).
• – Decanus (dean).
• – Defunctus (deceased).
• DG – Dei Gratia (by the grace of God).
• DN – Dominus Noster (Our Lord).
• DNJC – Dominus Noster Jesus Christus (Our Lord Jesus Christ).
• DN, DNS, DNUS – Dominus (Lord).
• – doctor (Breviary).
• – Dominica (Sunday).
• DOM – Deo Optimo Maximo (To God, the Best and Greatest).
• – Doxology (doxology – Breviary).
• DR – Decanus Ruralis (rural dean).
• DS – Deus (God).
• Se. – Doctor Scientiarum (doctor of science).
• DV – Deo Volente (God willing).
• – Duplex (double party – Breviary).
• Maj. – Duplex Major (double festival).
• I. Cl. – Duplex Primae Classis (first class double party – Breviary).
• II. Cl. – Duplex Secundae Classis (second class double party – Breviary).
• – Ecclesiasticus (Ecclesiastic).
• , Eccl. – Ecclesia (the Church).
• – Electio, Electus (election, elect).
• Emus – Eminentissimus (very eminent).
• EPS, EP., Episc. – Episcopus (Bishop).
• – Etiam (also, still).
• – Evangelium (Gospel – Breviary).
• – Extra (outside).
• – Excommunicatus, Excommunicatio (excommunicated, excommunication).
• Mem. – Felicis Memoriae (from happy memory).
• Rec. – Felicis Recordationis (from happy memory).
• – Fair (day of the week).
• , F. – Frater, Frere (brother).
• – Fundatio (foundation).
• – Generalis (general).
• – Glory (glory to God, etc.).
• – Gratia (grace).
• – Gradus (degree).
• – Gratias (thanks); o Free (without expenses).
• – Hebdomada (week).
• – Homily (homily – Breviary).
• – hour (hour).
• IC – Jesus (first and third letter of his name in Greek).
• – Idus (idus [NT: Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy: In the ancient Roman and ecclesiastical computation, on March 15, May, July and October, and on the 13th of the other months]).
• – Igitur (therefore).
• IHS – Iesus Hominum Salvator (Jesus Savior of Men – usual interpretation). Actually a Latin flawed Latin transliteration of the first three letters of JESUS ​​in Greek (IHS instead of IHC).
• – Indictio (indiction).
• – Index
• – Inquisitio (Inquisition).
• ipi – In Partibus Infidelium (among the infidels).
• – Idus (idus).
• JC – Jesus Christus (Jesus Christ).
• JCD – Juris Canonici Doctor, Juris Civilis Doctor (doctor of canon law, doctor of civil law).
• JD – Juris Doctor (doctor of law).
• WYD – Jesus, Maria, Joseph (Jesús, María, José).
• , Joann. – Joannes (Juan).
• JUD – Juris Utriusque Doctor (doctor in both laws – civil and canonical).
• – Judicium (judgment).
• JUL – Juris Utriusque Licentiatus (licensed in both laws).
• – Juris (of the law).
• – Kalendae (Calenda: the first day of the month).
• – Laicus (lay).
• – Lauds (Lauds – Breviary).
• LCD – Legis Civilis Doctor (doctor of civil law).
• lc; loc. cit. – Crazy citato (in the place already mentioned).
• – Lectio (lesson).
• – Legitime, Legitimus (legally, legitimate).
• LHD – Litterarum Humaniorum Doctor (doctor of literature).
• , Lo. – Liber, Book (book, in the book).
• – Licentia, Licentiatus (license, graduate).
• – Littera (letter).
• B. – Legum Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Laws).
• D. – Legum Doctor (doctor of laws).
• M. – Legum Magister (master of laws).
• – Locus (place).
• – Lovanium (Leuven).
• – Levanians (theologians of Leuven).
• LS – Loco Sigilli (place of the stamp).
• – Ludovico
• – Maria (Maria).
• MA – Magister Artium (master of arts).
• – Magister (teacher).
• – Mandamus (we order).
• Ap. – Mandatum Apostolicum (Apostolic Mandate, for example, for the consecration of a bishop).
• , M., MM. – Martyr, Martyres (martyr, martyrs – Breviary).
• – Matutinum (Matins – Breviary).
• – Matrimonum (marriage).
• – Monseigneur, Monsignore (My Lord).
• – Missa (Mass – Breviary); Missionarius (missionary).
• Apost., MA – Missionarius Apostolicus (Apostolic Missionary).
• MR – Missionarius Rector (missionary rector).
• mtv – mutatur terminatio versiculi (the ending of the little verse – Breviary is changed).
• , DNJC – Nativitas Domini Nostri Jesu Christi (Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ).
• ND – Nostra Domina, Notre Dame (Our Lady).
• – Niger (black – Breviary).
• – Nobis (to us, to us).
• – Nobilis, Nobiles (noble, noble).
• – Nocturnum (night).
• No N. – Nonae (Nona).
• – Noster, nostri (ours, from us).
• – Notitia (knowledge).
• NS – Notre Seigneur, Nostro Signore (Our Lord).
• NS – New Style
• NT – Novum Testamentum (New Testament).
• – Nostri (from us).
• – Nuptiae (nuptial).
• – Obiit (died).
• – Eighth (Eighth – Breviary).
• – Omnes, Omnibus (everyone, everyone).
• Cit. – Operate Citato (in the cited work).
• – Oratio (prayer – Breviary).
• – Ordo, Ordinatio, Ordinarius (order, ordination, ordinary).
• Orat. – Orator (orator), Oratorium (oratory).
• OS – Old style
• OT – Old Testament
• – Oxonium, Oxonians (Oxford, Oxford theologians or scholars).
• – Pater, Pere (father).
• – Pope (Pope); Pater (father).
• – Pactum (agreement).
• – Pascha (Easter – Breviary).
• – Patriarcha (patriarch).
• – Pentecost (Pentecost – Breviary).
• B. – Philosophiae Baccalaureus (bachelor of philosophy).
• D. – Philosophiae Doctor (doctor of philosophy).
• – Philosophia (philosophy).
• M. – Philosophiae Magister (master of philosophy).
• PK – Pridie Kalendas (the eve of calendas).
• – Poenitentia (penance).
• Poenit Ap. – Poenitentiaria Apostolica (Tribunal of the Apostolic Penitentiary).
• – Pontifex (pontiff, is deicr, bishop – Breviary).
• – Pontificatus (pontificate).
• Max. – Pontifex Maximus (Supreme Pontiff).
• – Possessor, Possessio (possessor, possession).
• — Dad dad); Pontificum (of the Popes).
• PP – Parochus (parish priest – used mostly in Ireland).
• AA. – Patres Amplissimi (cardinals).
• PPP – Propria Pecunia Posuit (erected at your expense).
• PR – Permanens Rector (permanent rector).
• – Praefatio (Preface to the Mass – Breviary).
• – priests, priest
• – Professus, Professio, Professor (profeso, profession, professor).
• Fid. – Propaganda Fide (Holy Congregation of Propaganda, Rome).
• – Proprium (own – Breviary).
• – Provisio, Provisum (provision, provided).
• . – Psalmus (Psalms).
• , Publ. – Publicus, Publice (public, publicly).
• Dog. – Purgatio Canonica (canonical apology).
• – fortieth (Lent, also the fortieth day before Easter – Breviary).
• – fiftieth (the fiftieth day before Easter – Breviary).
• – Responsorium (responsorio – Breviary).
• – Rome (Rome).
• – Rescriptum (papal rescripts).
• RD – rural dean
• – Requiescat (May he [or she] rest, that is, in peace).
• – Responsum (answer).
• RIP – Requiescat In Pace (may he or she rest in peace).
• – Ritus (rite, rites).
• – Romanus, Romana (Roman, Roman).
• RP – Reverendus Pater, Reverend Pere (Reverend Father).
• – Rerum (of things, subjects, for example, SS. RR. Ital., Writers on Italian [historical] subjects); Regesta
• Rev. – Most Reverend
• – Ruber (red – Breviary).
• – Rubric (rubrics).
• , Sacr. – Sacrum (sacred).
• , Sabb. – Sabbatum (Sabbath, Saturday).
• – Saeculum (century).
• – Salus, Salutis (salvation, of salvation).
• – Salmanticenses (theologians from Salamanca).
• SC – Sacra Congregatio (Sacred Congregation).
• SCC – Sacra Congregatio Concilii (Sacred Congregation of the Council, for example, of Trent).
• RR. – Sacra Congregatio Episcoporum et Regularium (Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars).
• SCI – Sacra Congregatio Indicis (Sacred Congregation of the Index).
• SCPF – Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith).
• SCS – Sanctus (holy).
• sd – sine datâ (undated book).
• SD – Servus Dei (servant of God).
• – Semiduplex (semi double party – Breviary).
• Septuag – seventieth (seventieth day before Easter; always a Sunday – Breviary).
• – sixtieth (sixtieth day before Easter – Breviary).
• – Sigillum (stamp).
• – Simplex (simple party – Breviary).
• Sine Com. – Sine Commemoratione (without commemoration of another party or parties – Breviary).
• sl – sine loco (no indication of place of printing).
• slnd – sine loco nec data (no location indication or no print date).
• SM – Sanctae Memoriae (from sacred memory).
• – Socius, Socii (companion, companions – Breviary).
• Off. – Sanctum Officium (Congregation of the Holy Office, Inquisition).
• SP – Sanctissime Pater (Most Holy Father).
• SP, S. Petr. – Sanctus Petrus (San Pedro).
• SP – Summus Pontifex (Supreme Pontiff, Pope).
• SPA – Sacrum Palatium Apostolicum (Holy Apostolic Palace, Vatican, Quirinal).
• – Sister
• SRC – Sacra Rituum Congregatio (Sacred Congregation of Rites).
• SRE – Sancta Romana Ecclesia, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesia (Holy Roman Church; or Holy Roman Church).
• H. – Scriptores (writers).
• DN – Sanctissimus Dominus Noster (Our Most Holy Lord [Jesus Christ], also a title of the Pope).
• , SS. – Sanctus, Sancti (holy, saints).
• STB – Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus (bachelor of sacred theology).
• STD – Sacred Theologiae Doctor (doctor of sacred theology).
• STL – Sacrae Theologiae Licentiatus (degree in sacred theology).
• – Suffragia (suffrages, that is, prayers of the saints; Breviary).
• SV – Sanctitas Vestra (His Holiness).
• – Synodus (synod).
• – Tempus, Tempore (time, in time).
• – Testes, Testimonium (witnesses, testimony).
• – Theologia (theology).
• – Titulus, Tituli (title, titles).
• – Last (last – day, month, year).
• – Usque (up to, as far as).
• – Uxor (wife).
• , Ven., VV. – Venerabilis, Venerabiles (venerable).
• , Vest. – Vester (her).
• – Vacat, Vacans (vacant).
• – Value (value).
• – Vaticanus (Vatican).
• – Verba (words).
• – Versiculus (verse – Breviary).
• – Vesperae (eve – Breviary).
• VF, Vic. For. – Vicarius Foraneus (foreign vicar).
• VG – Vicarius Generalis (vicar general).
• – Vidua (widow – Breviary).
• , Videl. – Videlicet (clearly, namely, that is).
• – Vigil (vigil of a party – Breviary).
• – Violaceus (violet – Breviary).
• – Virgo (virgin – Breviary).
• – Viridis (green – Breviary).
• VM – Vir Magnificus (magnificent man).
• Rev. – Very Reverend
• VT – Vetus Testamentum (Old Testament).
• , XCS. – Christus (Christ – first, middle and last letters of the Greek name).

Abbreviations in inscriptions of the catacombs

• AD – Ante Diem (for example in the phrase, Ante Diem VI [or Sixth] Kal. Apriles, is equivalent to the sixth day before calendars in April, counting both the calendars and the day to be indicated); or Anima Dulcis (Sweet Soul).
• AQIC – Anima Quiescat In Christo (may your soul rest in Christ).
• , BMT. – Bene Merenti (to the good deserving ones).
• BM – Bonae Memoriae (from happy memory).
• BF – Bonae Feminae (to the good woman).
• BIC – Bibas [for life] In Christo (may you live in Christ).
• BMF – Bene Merenti Fecit (erected this for the deserving).
• BQ – Bene Quiescat (rest well).
• – Consul
• – Consuls (Consuls).
• CF – Clarissima Femina (very illustrious woman).
• V. – Clarissimus Vir (very illustrious man).
• CO – Conjugi Optimo (to my most excellent husband).
• COBQ – Cum Omnibus Bonis Quiescat (rest with all good souls).
• – Conjugi (To my husband [or wife]).
• , COS. – consul
• – Consuls (consuls).
• CP – Clarissima Puella (very illustrious maiden).
• – Depositus (buried); or Dulcis (dear).
• DD – Dedit, Dedicavit (gave, decided).
• E.P. – Depositus (buried).
• DIP – Dormit In Pace (sleep in peace).
• DM – Diis Manibus (to the manes [souls of the deceased]).
• DMS – Diis Manibus Sacrum (Sacred to the Manes [of]).
• DN – Domino Nostro (to our Lord).
• NN. – Dominis Nostris (to our lords).
• EV – Ex Voto (in fulfillment of one vote).
• TM. – Ex Testament (in accordance with the will of).
• E VIV. DISC. – E Vivis Discessit (started from life).
• – Fecit (did); or Filius (son); or Feliciter (happily).
• FC – Fieri Curavit (caused to be done).
• FF – Fieri Fecit (caused to be done).
• – Fratres (brothers); Filii (children).
• – Fossor (digger).
• – Haeres (heir); I did (here).
• HLS – Hoc Loco Situs (put in this place).
• HMFF – Hoc Monumentum Fieri Fecit (command to erect this monument).
• HS – Hic Situs (here it lies).
• ID – Idibus (about the idus).
• – Indictione (In Indication – a chronological term).
• ILH – Jus Liberorum Habens (holder of children’s rights, that is, eligible for a public office as a minor).
• – In Bono (in good [smell]).
• – The same as IDNE
• INP – In Pace (in peace).
• IX – In Christo (in Christ).
• – Kalendas (Calendas); or Care, Carus, Cara (dear, dear); or Carissimus [a] (dearest, dearest).
• KBM – Karissimo Bene Merenti (to the dearest and most deserving).
• – Locus (place).
• LM – Locus Monumenti (place of the monument).
• LS – Locus Selpuchri (place of the grave).
• – Martyr, or Memoria (memory) or Monumentum (monument).
• – Martyres (martyrs).
• MP – Monumentum Posuit (erected as a monument).
• – Merenti (deserving).
• – Nona or Number (number).
• – Nostris (To our – with a plural) or Numeri (numbers).
• – Hour (hour); Obiit (died).
• IN XTO. – Obiit In Christo (died in Christ).
• – Omnes (all).
• – Optimus (excellent or extremely good).
• – Pax (peace); o Pius (obedient); o Ponendum (to be placed); o Pridie (the day before); or Plus (more).
• PC – Curavit Pony (caused to be placed).
• PC, P. CONS. – Post Consulatum (after the consulate).
• PI – Pony Jussit (sent to be placed).
• PM – Plus Minus (more or less); or Piae Memoriae (from pious memory); or Post Mortem (after death).
• – Praepositus (placed on).
• K. – Pridie Kalendas (day before calendas).
• – Presbyter (priest).
• N. – Pridie Nonas (the day before nonas [In the ancient Roman and ecclesiastical count, on March 7, May, July and October, and on the 5th of the other months.).
• PTCS – Pax Tibi Cum Sanctis (peace be upon you with the saints).
• – Pie Zeses (may you live piously – Greek).
• , Qui. – Quiescit (he rests).
• – Qui Bixit [for Vixit] Annos (who lived … years).
• QIP – Quiescat In Pace (may he or she rest in peace).
• QV – Qui Vixit (who lived).
• – Requiescit (he rests); o Snack (instead of snack).
• – Regionis (of the region).
• – Suus (his); o Situs (placed); or Sepulchrum (grave).
• M. – Sanctae Memoriae (from holy memory).
• – Sedit (he sat down).
• – Subscribed (subscribed).
• SID – Spiritus In Deo (Spirit [rests] on God).
• SP – Sepultus (buried); or Sepulchrum (grave).
• H. – Sanctorum (of the saints).
• SV – Sacra Virgo (Holy Virgin).
• , TT. – Titulus, Tituli (title, titles).
• – Testamentum (Testament).
• – Vixit (he lived); or Vixisti (you lived).
• – Vir Bonus (a good man).
• VC – Vir Clarissimus (the very illustrious man).
• DC. – Viri Clarissimi (the most illustrious men).
• VH – Vir Honestus (a worthy man).
• VX – Long live, Care [or Cara] (long live, dear, dear); or Uxor Carissima (dearest wife).
• , XPC., XS. – Christus (Christ).

Abbreviations of Titles of the Main Religious Orders and Congregations of Priests

• AA – Augustiniani Assumptionis (Augustinians of the Assumption).
• ABA – Antoniani Benedictini Armeni (mechanists).
• CJM – Congregation Jesu et Mariae (Eudist Fathers).
• CM – Congregatio Missionis (Lazarists, Congregation of Mission Priests).
• CM – Congregatio Mariae (Fathers of the Company of Mary).
• CP – Congregatio Passionis (Passionists).
• PP.S. – Congregatio Pretiosissimi Sanguinis (Fathers of the Most Precious Blood).
• CR – Congregatio Resurrectionis (Fathers of the Resurrection).
• CRCS – Clerici Regulares Congregationis Somaschae (Fathers of Somasqui).
• CRIC – Canonici Regulares Immaculate Conceptionis (Regular Canons of the Immaculate Conception).
• CRL – Canonici Regulares Lateranenses (Lateral Canons).
• CRM – Clerici Regulares Minores (Clerigos Regulares Menores, Mariani).
• CRMD – Clerici Regulares Matris Dei (Regular Clerics of the Mother of God of Lucca).
• CRMI – Clerici Regulares Ministrantes Infirmis (Regular Clerics of the Sick, Camillini, Camilliani).
• CRP – Congregatio Reformatorum Praemonstratensium (Premonstratensian Canons).
• CRSP – Clerici Regulares Sancti Pauli (Barnabitas).
• CRSP – Clerici Regulares Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum (Regular Clerics of Pious Schools, Piarists).
• CRT – Clerici Regulares Theatini (Teatinos).
• CSB – Congregatio Sancti Basilii (Basilianos).
• CSC – Congregatio Sanctae Crucis (Fathers and Brothers of the Holy Cross).
• CSP – Congregatio Sancti Pauli (Paulistas).
• – Congregatio Sancti Spiritus (Religious Congregations of the Holy Spirit).
• CSV – Clerici Sancti Viatoris (Cleric or Clerics of San Viator).
• SS.CC. – Congregatio Sacratissimorum Cordium (Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary).
• SS. R. – Congregatio Sanctissimi Redemptoris (Redemptorists).
• Char. – Institutum Charitatis (Rosminianos).
• MC – Missionaries of Charity
• MS – La Salette Missionaries, France
• MSC – Missionarii Sancti Caroli (Missionaries of San Carlos).
• MSC – Missionarii Sacratissimi Cordis (Missionaries of the Most Sacred Heart).
• OC – ​​Ordo Charitatis (Fathers of the Order of Charity).
• Camald. – Ordo Camaldulensium (Camaldulense).
• Cart. – Ordo Cartusiensis (Order of the Cartuja).
• Cist. – Ordo Cisterciensium (Cistercians).
• OCC – Ordo Carmelitarum Calceatorum (Carmelite Order, Carmelites).
• OCD – Ordo Carmelitarum Discalceatorum (Barefoot, Carmelites).
• OCR – Ordo Reformatorum Cisterciensium (Cistercians, Trapists).
• OFM – Ordo Fratrum Minorum (Order of Friars Minor).
• OM – Ordo [Fratrum] Minimorum (Minima of Saint Francis of Paul).
• Merced. – Ordo Beatae Mariae Virginis de Redemptione Captivorum (Mercedarios).
• OMC – Ordo Minorum Conventualium (Order of Friars Minor Conventual).
• OM Cap., OFM Cap., OMC – Ordo Minorum Cappucinorum (Capuchin Friars Minors).
• IMO – Oblati Mariae Immaculatae (Oblate Fathers of Mary Immaculate).
• OP, Ord Fratr. Praed. – Ordo Praedicatorum (Order of Preachers).
• Praem. – Ordo Praemonstratensium (Premonstratenses, Norbertinos).
• OSA – Ordo [Eremitarum] Sancti Augustini (Augustinians).
• OSB – Ordo Sancti Benedicti (Benedictine Order, Benedictines).
• OSC – Oblati Sancti Caroli (Oblate Fathers of San Carlos).
• OSFC – Ordinis Sancti Francisci Capuccini (Franciscan Capuchins).
• OSFS – Oblati Sancti Francisci Salesii (Oblate Fathers of Saint Francis de Sales).
• OSH – Ordo [Eremitarum] Sancti Hieronymi (Jeronimitas).
• OSM – Ordo Servorum Mariae (Servitas).
• SS.C. – Oblati Sacratissimi Cordis (Oblate Fathers of the Sacred Heart).
• Trinit. – Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis (Order of the Trinitarians).
• PO – Pr tres de l Oratoire, Presbyteri Oratorii (Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, orators).
• PSM – Pia Societas Missionum (Parents of the Pious Missionary Society, Pallottini).
• PSS – Presbyteri Sancti Sulpicii, Pr tres de S. Sulpice (Fathers of Saint Sulpice, Sulpicians).
• SC – Salesianorum Congregatio (Congregation of Saint Francis de Sales, Salesian Society).
• SDS – Societas Divini Salvatoris (Society of the Divine Savior).
• SDV – Societas Divini Verbi (Society of the Divine Word).
• SJ – Societas Jesu (Company of Jesus, that is, the Jesuits).
• SM – Societas Mariae (Society of Mary, Marists).
• SPM – Societas Patrum Misericordiae (Fathers of Mercy).
• SSS – Societas Sanctissimi Sacramenti (Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament).