Aggressiveness

Aggressiveness . Emotional state that consists of feelings of hatred and wishes to harm another person, animal or object. Aggression is any form of behavior that aims to physically and / or psychologically hurt someone. Aggression is a factor of normal behavior put into action before certain states to respond to vital needs, which protect the survival of the person and the species, without the destruction of the adversary being necessary.

Summary

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• 1 Description
• 2 Objectives
• 3 Classification
• 4 Theories
  • 1 Ethological theory
• 5 Direct and indirect assault
• 6 Displaced aggression
• 7 Non-aggressive responses
• 8 Factors
  • 1 Biologicals
  • 2 Psychological or environmental
• 9 Sources

Description

• Self-destructive.
• Consequence of an unresolved emotional problem.
• Not realistic.
• It does not solve problems.

goals

• Cause harm to the victim.
• Coercion (influencing the behavior of other people).
• Power and dominance (demonstrate the power that the person has).
• Reputation and image (the leader is sometimes aggressive within the group).

Classification

1. Depending on the objectives: instrumental and non-instrumental (whether it has a goal or not).
2. Depending on the degree of control: consciously controlled or impulsive.
3. Depending on their physical nature: Physical actions or verbal statements.
4. Depending on the displacement: Direct or indirect (the person causing the aggression is not attacked, but rather moves against an object).
5. Internal or external function: Self-harm (suicide) or hetero-injury.

Theories

1. Active theories: Psychoanalytic theory. Ethological theory (internal, motivational and innate).
2. Reactive theory: (reaction to a stimulus from the environment ). Dolland’s theory and Bandura’s theory of learning.

Ethological theory

Study the behavior of animals in their natural environment, through observation.

• Territory, preservation and maintenance of the territory.
• Hierarchy (the male marks with aggressive gestures who is the boss in the group, he also organizes the life of that group of animals, giving priorities).
• Selection, select the different members of the species. The strongest and the most prepared are the ones who survive.
• Control of aggressiveness. There is a control of aggressiveness that is different from that of man. The males fight but rarely kill each other, the male who loses is shown to be the loser, in what is called the appeasement ritual.

Direct and indirect assault

1. Assault or symbolic verbal punishment directed towards the offender.
2. Denial or withdrawal of any benefit that the offender enjoys.
3. Assault or physical punishment against the offender.
4. Assault, damage or injury to something or someone important to the offender.

Displaced aggression

1. Saying something to a third person in order to get revenge or punish the offender.
2. Physical, verbal or other assault on a person that is not related to the incitement.
3. Attacking an object (non-human or animal ) not associated with the incitement.

Non-aggressive responses

• Discuss the incident with the offender, without displaying hostility.
• Discussing the issue with neutral, uninvolved third parties, without the intention of harming the instigator or making it look bad.
• Take care of calming activities (walking, gymnastics …).
• Distract yourself in actions opposed to the expression of anger (behave much more friendly with the instigator).

Factors

Biological

• Lobotomy (incision in the frontal lobe) reduces aggressiveness and other functions.
• XYY: Men with this chromosome, showed a higher number of crimes and less social intelligence to hide the crimes.
• Hormonal factors: related to aggressive states, for example the woman during pre-menstrual syndrome is more irritable and aggressive.

Psychological or environmental

• More aggressive tribes than others.
• In certain societies and cultures, aggressiveness may be well regarded as a way to change certain attitudes.
• Family norms that encourage aggressiveness in its members. Parents can sometimes model aggressive behavior. It is necessary to know that, in general terms, aggressiveness is encouraged more in men than in women.
• Influence of TV and the media on the acceptance of aggressive behavior.

It is necessary to recognize that there is an innate tendency towards violence but that this is also influenced by the environment, becoming more potent.