Accidents and work hazards in the office

1. Fall and fall

It is the most common accident that office workers suffer. But it is often ignored until it appears to be commonplace and is rarely recorded. Therefore, if an accident is investigated The loss can be recorded in detail. It was found that the rate of accidents arising from falls can be classified into 3 characteristics as follows:

1.1 Slipping or tripping

The appearance will have both fall in the area. Or carpeted areas At the junction of the carpet Stumbling is often caused by objects placed in the way. Or there are power cords dangling cluttered, such as from a power outlet or a power outlet. Or a wire that runs along the ground Without tape Often causes kicking or stumbling Especially the stairs There may be slippage and stumbling, always. Female workers who wear high heels. Which could be the cause of stumbling and falling

1.2 chair falling

Usually arising from the seat of the operator Or move a chair that rotates By using your feet to push out to flow too hard. In some cases, this is caused by leaning back too much that it turned backward. Sometimes the operator uses his feet across the table. And there was an imbalance From tilting Occasionally, operators find that the chair is unbalanced. Causing the chair to slide away and the operator’s body will fall off the chair

1.3 Falling from a height

This is often caused by an unbalanced standing on a table or chair. Or unstable, such as a chair with wheels, tables or boxes that are not strong support. When the operator stands up and picks up things, it can make the operator fall dangerously. In some places, openings And not completely closed Operators may fail to fall into danger.

2. Material Handling

Operators may be required to lift objects which use the wrong posture. Without receiving improper training, organizing procedures, or procedures Causing the operator to reach or tiptoe until causing an accident and danger Lifting more weights than the specified standards creates a bend in the spine. Which causes back pain, shoulder pain, nerve compression. Principles of lifting and moving materials must be properly trained and trained in habits until they can be practiced.

3. Being hit or hit with something

In some narrow spaces or in the blind corner, you will find that Operators often cannot avoid collisions. Or collide with things, the area should be arranged for proper Including a mirror attached to a separate position to prevent collision

4. Falling objects

Falling objects are often placed in a high and unstable position. Causes a fall or fall to the head of the operator below. File cabinet drawer opening Some workers keep the drawer open and continue to look for documents in other layers.The large volume of documents flows in the same direction, causing the file cabinet to become unbalanced, knocking over or knocking the operator. Until the danger of having a sewing machine Or the paper cutter may cause a shock. Injury to the hand or wrist

5. Getting cut

Some office equipment will be sharp such as Operator paper cutting cutter Many people do not know how to use these devices properly, resulting in injury. Even the paper used for the copier is sharp. While the operator obstructs the paper, sometimes the paper can be cut and bleed.

6.Hook and clamp

In the working area Sometimes it will be found that there is an arrangement of objects that are sticking out until the operator can be connected. Sometimes the operator will be pinched by a door, window, or cabinet, causing injury. As well as the dressing of the operator

7. Fire

It is considered to be the most severe type of accident. And everyone in the office will be aware of the fire that always occurs. So practice It is therefore imperative to practice fire prevention and suppression and evacuation of office workers.

2 environmental hazards

In a physical office, temperature, light, noise, ventilation, as well as radiation generated by office equipment in that office, if the temperature or air quality is improper, such as too hot or too cold, it will cause an accident. Occupational headache Performance drops Is the lighting in the workplace sufficient for the nature of my work? If there is too much light (Gare) or too little light Directly affect the work The performance is the cause of the accident. A noisy room condition that distracts concentration and operations can cause accidents. Preventive actions are detailed in Chapter 7 Organizing an Office Work Environment.

In addition to the physical environment Still has a chemical environment, no one can deny that There are no chemicals inside the office. But how much of the chemicals are used in the office? Operators often don’t pay much attention. May be due to various chemicals in the latent nature with office materials and equipment And is often very small, sometimes measured in the atmosphere. Not found, but the amount of chemicals present will be more or less depending on the usage and ventilation system in the office room. Most of the chemicals found are ammonia, methanol, asbestos, benzene, toluene, carbon dioxide, ozone, 1.1.1. Trichloroethane. Trichlorethylene

3 Danger of copiers

The copier is an office equipment. One of the important things which can be regarded as something that almost every office can not live without. Because the benefits are so many that users neglect the potential dangers of using a copier for a long time. Usually the copier has a critical component, namely a metal mold. Roller coated with metal Silinium or cadmium type and ultraviolet radiation. Will be noticed while copying

Copier in use today As a dry copier, it is convenient to use, but while using it, there will be health hazards from various chemicals.

1. In the printing ink, it contains carcinogen, a carcinogen, carbon powder when the carbon powder reacts. Nitroprine Poly aromatic additives Cyclic Hydocarbon Thermoplastic resin While the machine is working, there will be a pungent smell. From the reaction of these chemicals The users who have to touch for a long time will experience headache, fatigue, drowsiness, feeling lightheaded.

2. Metals used to coat the roller, such as sirenium or cadmium, affect the skin and cause irritation. A red bump or rash In addition to the substance trina. Trofluorinone Is a carcinogenic substance

3.Ultraviolet As a source of heat It is dangerous to the skin and eyes. Causing conjunctivitis, red eyes, scorched skin Long exposure can cause skin cancer.

4. Ozone is generated while the machine is running. Born from ultraviolet rays Where the oxygen will gather together Into ozone When the user breathes, it will affect the nervous system, such as drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, dry throat, respiratory tract irritation. Eye and skin irritation

5. Solution for bathing paper used in copiers, including formaldehyde Causes irritation of the skin while using it may cause contact dermatitis.

A. These hazards

1. Installation of the copier Should not be installed on the wall should be located in a room with good ventilation. So that the chemicals that come out while working Can be diluted to reduce operator exposure to chemicals If it can be installed in the open air, it is not In the corner is very good Or separate copiers from other operating rooms

2. If you smell a pungent or burned. Because of its use Must be temporarily retired Or if necessary Notify the technician or person in charge.

3. Regular maintenance of the machine. It helps to reduce chemicals that may increase the amount of use.

4. Do not look at the ultraviolet light. Always use a cover sheet every time you use a copy.

5. While changing chemicals Or carbon powder Operators should wear safety equipment. Including rubber gloves that cover the mouth (Mask)

4 Dangers and diseases associated with working with computers (VDT)

First of all, you must know the meaning of the computer. Also known as Visual display Terminals (VDTs) are devices used for manipulating, processing, and displaying a variety of data, including monitors, keyboards, electrical circuits, and power feeders. It also includes an input device such as a mouse or pointer, and an output device such as a printer. Today, almost every office is widely used by computers. The evolution of these devices has evolved very quickly. Problems with old computer equipment have been fixed, however those involved in the work still have to use their eyesight to focus on the monitor causing eye strain. And hitting the keyboard or sitting at the machine for a long time without movement in different parts of the body can lead to problems of aching muscles in various parts of the body such as wrists, shoulders, back or waist, and stress. Which causes the operator to have irritability, lack of concentration,

As the operator has shoulder pain, back pain and lumbar pain, the cause must be studied. Due to the working environment or the size of the operator’s tables and chairs is not suitable. As well as working posture which results in inconvenient blood circulation The body’s muscles are not getting enough oxygen. Causing stagnation And aches in different parts of the body when the cause is known Which if the size of the table, chair or the height of the equipment is not suitable It should provide proper sitting conditions and posture as shown in Figure 12.

In addition, the working time affects the fatigue. Need to consider editing the nature of work, such as working with others Or if having to read or use the keyboard continuously for a long time It is wise to set the exposure time that is made only 50 minutes and rest 10 minutes to use. There is a gap to rest the eyes and wrist. At the same time, workers should exercise during the specified rest periods in order to stretch. And resulting in better blood circulation. Exercise should be exercised starting from the neck, upper back, chest, arms and shoulders. As well as waist exercises Wrist and forearm etc. In case the operator has eye strain Or it may be irritating due to The computer monitor is too bright. Which normally should not exceed 500 lux, which glare can be reduced by positioning the light, the machine will use a hood to cover or install a light filter, as the case may be. The environment arrangement or the position of the tables and chairs with the position of the light has a lot to do with the illumination. It can save energy as part of another problem that is important for the operator, such as stress, it can be caused by printer noise, mouse use, keystroke noise. If there are many machines And print at the same time, would cause problems Corrective measures must be planned before the installation begins, which includes floor covering with sound-absorbing equipment. Or separate the sound source from the operator’s room. In addition to the sound, there are problems with air temperature. And humidity affecting the operator The study found that the operator should have a suitable temperature. Between 25 degrees Celsius and 27 degrees Celsius, the relative humidity between 40% – 70%, the loudness of the sound should not exceed 65 decibels, the operator has the highest working efficiency. And print at the same time, would cause problems Corrective measures must be planned before the installation begins, which includes floor covering with sound-absorbing equipment. Or separate the sound source from the operator’s room. In addition to the sound, there are problems with air temperature. And humidity affecting the operator The study found that the operator should have a suitable temperature. Between 25 degrees Celsius and 27 degrees Celsius, the relative humidity between 40% – 70%, the loudness of the sound should not exceed 65 decibels, the operator has the highest working efficiency. And print at the same time, would cause problems Corrective measures must be planned before the installation begins, which includes floor covering with sound-absorbing equipment. Or separate the sound source from the operator’s room. In addition to the sound, there are problems with air temperature. And humidity affecting the operator The study found that the operator should have a suitable temperature. Between 25 degrees Celsius and 27 degrees Celsius, the relative humidity between 40% – 70%, the loudness of the sound should not exceed 65 decibels, the operator has the highest working efficiency.

Another problem that often occurs with operators is eye fatigue. Due to the distance of view Which requires a close look for a long time When resting eyes Will be corrected with far sight and eye management By rolling the eyes in a circular motion, look around 3 times clockwise, and blink frequently so that tears can nourish the entire eye. Helps reduce eye irritation and eye strain.

5 Sick Building Syndrome

In addition to the chemicals mentioned above Also met those who work in the office There is a disease that occurs until it is identified as Regionair Disease or Sick Building Syndrome, which refers to disease that occurs from working in office buildings. This was obtained from the collection of record reports on the symptoms of people working in the modern office. From research studies The relationship between these symptoms and the ventilation system. Or pollution sources that arise from inside and outside the building Because people who work in the office have to breathe pollution. Without proper preventive means or measures Symptoms include headache, numbness, fatigue, eye irritation, cough, rhinitis, nausea, abdominal pain, chest pain, and chest pain. The work may have asthma, which will become more pronounced. There was a research study by surveying workers in two offices. Data collection was collected from the operator, their own records, according to questionnaires from doctor visits. And documents related to health problems of workers

In a 1984 WHO study, it was suggested that 30% of new residents working in buildings or high-rise residents had complaints about indoor air quality. Which is caused by bad building design Or problems from residents causing pollution With an indication In addition to the specified building Sometimes the cause of the disease is unknown. And people with symptoms tend to get better. Or get well after leaving the building The study found that the quality of Air is important It was suggested by The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), a standardized ventilation management system that defines the outdoor air volume of 15 cubic feet per minute per person. In the office, the volume of air is 20 cubic feet per minute per person. In areas where smoking is used, the volume of air must be increased to 60 cubic feet per minute per person.

In addition, environmental problems of chemicals and biologicals, such as bacteria, viruses, and seeds, dust, also affect building disease.

Prevention and correction

1. Solve airway problems by the Heat Vantilation Air Condition (HVAC) system such as cleaning filters, ceilings, carpets.

2. Strict measures on smoking are in place. For the use of paints, glue, solvents and pesticides, proceed in a well-ventilated area.

3. Equipment related to air cleaning But sometimes there are restrictions on use.

4. Providing training and interpersonal communication is essential to an indoor air quality management program.