Side Effects of Diethylstilbestrol.Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic non-steroidal estrogen that was first synthesized in 1938. Between the late 1940s and early 1970s, DES was prescribed to pregnant women to prevent miscarriages and premature births. It was later discovered that DES can cause serious health complications not only in those who took the drug but also in their offspring. Let’s delve deeper into the side effects of DES:
Side Effects of Diethylstilbestrol.
1. For Women Who Took DES:
- Cancer: DES exposure has been linked to a rare cancer called clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in young women exposed to DES in utero (while in the womb).
- Breast Cancer: Some studies suggest that women who took DES during pregnancy may have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.
- Reproductive Issues: DES-exposed women might also experience fertility problems, ectopic pregnancies, preterm deliveries, and stillbirths.
- Other Side Effects: Some women experienced nausea, vomiting, water retention, and other side effects while on the drug.
2. For DES Daughters (women exposed to DES in utero):
- Vaginal and Cervical Changes: Abnormalities in the shape and appearance of the vagina and cervix have been observed.
- Reproductive Issues: DES daughters may face a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, miscarriage, and preterm birth.
- Cancer: A higher risk of developing clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix, although the overall risk remains low.
- Breast Cancer: Some studies indicate an increased risk of breast cancer in women over 40 who were exposed to DES in utero.
3. For DES Sons (men exposed to DES in utero):
- Non-cancerous Epididymal Cysts: Small, non-cancerous growths on the testicles.
- Possible Links to Other Issues: Some studies have suggested links to genital abnormalities, infertility issues, and even an increased risk of testicular cancer, but the evidence is less conclusive than for DES daughters.
4. Possible Psychological and Neurological Effects: There’s ongoing research and debate over potential neurological or psychological effects from DES exposure. Some studies have suggested links between DES exposure and depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues, though findings are not yet definitive.
Implications and Monitoring: Due to the recognized risks, it’s essential for individuals who know or suspect they were exposed to DES (either directly or in utero) to inform their healthcare providers. Regular screenings, specific tests, or examinations might be recommended to monitor for health issues associated with DES exposure.
Conclusion: The DES tragedy underscores the importance of rigorous testing and monitoring of pharmaceutical drugs, especially those intended for pregnant women. Its legacy is a sobering reminder of how interventions during pregnancy can have long-lasting effects on offspring. Today, the FDA classifies DES as a teratogen, meaning it can cause malformations in an embryo or fetus. The drug’s usage in pregnant women was banned in the US in 1971.
If you believe you or a family member might have been exposed to DES, seek guidance from a medical professional to discuss potential risks and recommended monitoring.
