Prevention

Prevention. According to the UN, it is “the adoption of measures aimed at preventing physical, mental and sensory deficiencies from occurring (primary prevention) or preventing deficiencies, when they have occurred, from having negative physical , psychological and social consequences .”

Summary

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• 1 Conceptualization
• 2 General
  • 1 Objective of prevention
  • 2 Comprehensive prevention
  • 3 Prevention in occupational health
• 3 Prevention of behavioral disturbances
• 4 Levels in the appearance of alterations in behavior
• 5 Classification
• 6 Sources

Conceptualization

From the Latin praeventĭo , prevention is the action and effect of preventing.

Prevention, therefore, is the provision made in advance to minimize a risk . The objective of prevention is to ensure that an eventual damage does not materialize.

It is possible to associate the notion of prevention with care or precaution, beyond what concerns the human being in question. Preventions can be taken at home (to avoid accidents, breakage of the structure), in the car (check the tires, the engine), at work (use the appropriate safety clothing) and in any area of ​​daily life.

Prevention can also be the action of warning someone about something or another person. Depending on the context, prevention may refer to this:

• General prevention (positive and negative) and special prevention (positive and negative), the basic objectives of sanctions in Law .
• Prevention in the field of social intervention (use of addictive substances.
• Prevention of damage caused by extreme natural phenomena .
• Prevention of occupational hazards.
• Disease prevention : preventive medicine , primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention and quaternary prevention.
• Prevention of crime , consisting of measures that prevent crime from happening, divide pudiéndolas in those aimed at reducing opportunities to commit crimes and those aimed at social development, reducing socioeconomic situations that generate crime.
• Pollution prevention.

Generalities

The ideas of prevention or prevention have a great variety of meanings, all valid and indicative of the actions to be followed.

• Prevent, means “before coming”, that is, to act so that a problem does not appear or at least so that its effects diminish; It also connotes: preparation, organization, notice, perspective, arrange ahead, anticipate.
• Prevention implies: investigation , knowledge of reality, reflection, planning, precaution, evaluation, teamwork, overview, enrichment of knowledge , resizing or change of direction , initiative, creativity.

This is applicable not only to the preventive policy of a nation, but also to the individual, family or communal level. Hence, prevention means being able and willing to avoid the risks or consequences that a problem may produce; It also means creating positive conditions for social and family coexistence. In addition, it is the process by which the human being, individually or collectively, is interested and acquires in their comprehensive training the ability to anticipate problems with creative responses adjusted to reality.

Objective of prevention

The primary purpose of prevention is the preparation and education of a supportive, informed and sensitized individual about the causes and impacts of social problems; participatory; able to make accurate decisions; with good self-perception; that can interrelate with their peers; able to distinguish your real needs from those created; assertive, that is, they know how to listen and express their emotions, feelings and ideas honestly and without anxiety; Skillful to give and receive, in a position to make constructive criticisms that provide possible solutions to certain events or situations; able to adequately resolve or face personal, interpersonal, family and collective problems; knowledgeable of his duties and rights, respectful of intra and extra-family rules; with a sense of self-defense; with a healthy ethical and moral structure ; with a positive disposition towards life ; optimistic; creative; competent to search for valid, real and profitable alternatives in order to satisfy needs and desires of different kinds; knowledgeable of their capabilities, potentialities and limitations.

Comprehensive prevention

It is not enough to know and worry about the problem, it is necessary to organize either individually or collectively in order to find possible and valid exits or paths in a comprehensive preventive effort. It is comprehensive because it must:

• Consider both drug use and trafficking.
• Be aimed at the development economic, social, political and cultural development of the individual, in order to avoid being incorporated into traffic or the drug .
• Do not differentiate between licit and illicit drugs .
• Integrate all sectors as actors in prevention: individual , family , community and school . Therefore, comprehensive prevention must be done in a systematic and permanent way, under a concept of ” Education for life ” and framed in the following principles:
• Specific, curative and isolated interventions, focused on preventing the consequences, are insufficient, so they must give way to permanent, continuous and systematic practices.
• The associated causal factors must be addressed and not only the symptoms .
• It is prevented by educating for life and not only to avoid the presence of drugs.
• It is impossible to achieve processes to control the problem of drug trafficking and consumption if there is no agreement between civil society and the State .
• It is essential to promote and facilitate the participation and leadership of all social sectors.
• It is necessary to promote the culture of coexistence and solidarity as an option in the face of hopelessness and violence .
• It is necessary to modify and reverse the existing gap between personal fulfillment expectations and social conditions that obstruct an adequate and compensatory relationship. To do comprehensive prevention is to act on the entire social context, avoiding the risks of individual or collective deterioration. Likewise, the comprehensive prevention approach considers the need to implement actions aimed at both traffic and consumption, because both work inseparably.

The purpose of prevention is:

• Contribute to the emotional, intellectual and social growth of the population, seeking its integral development.
• Educate people to reject drugs, offering them valid and real alternatives.

Among the preventive programs that can be developed are:

1. Information, training and preventive education programs.
2. Programs for the education sector.
3. Programs for the family.
4. Prevention programs in the workplace.
5. Prevention programs aimed at young people.

Prevention

Prevention in occupational health

In occupational health, prevention aims to:

• Extend life
• Improve Life Quality
• Keeping the individual fit to work

Prevention of behavioral disturbances

• Alterations in behavior: The behaviors that affect the interpersonal relationships of the child with the environment that surrounds him, these do not occur in a stable but transitory way, but in turn bring with them difficulties in the development of the child’s integral personality.
• Most frequent behavioral disorders: Aggression , hyperactivity and shyness . All these characteristics presented by students with alterations in their behavior, include both the inducing and executing part of the personality, it is then that teachers, parents and the community in general must adopt preventive measures so that correction and compensation processes arise of the defect, and allow to develop the true potentialities of the students from the development possibilities that each one has individually.

In Primary Education , the most common is to have students with behavioral alterations that do not manifest themselves in a stable way or in all contexts, then the teacher must know how to diagnose what level of alteration is presented in order to take preventive measures opportunely. That is why you must know the levels of appearance of behavioral alterations.

Levels in the appearance of behavioral alterations

1. The alteration occurs in a disorganized, sporadic, situational way in a student at a certain level of development.
2. . The alteration in the conditions becomes more frequent, it begins to organize, symptoms appear, there is an obvious sequel, the defect begins to structure itself.
3. . The action is systematized, organized, there is stability in the conditions and the defect is structured as such.

The alterations in the behavior of the students constitute one of the problems that most affect the primary teacher, firstly, the high presence of this type of disorder in the school environment, secondly, because most of these difficulties question practice teacher, since the teacher is disoriented and, in some cases, even attacked as a person, thirdly, and not least, the teacher feels worried because these problems can become permanent if they do not act in a timely manner and prevent a life satisfactory of the child, questioning again the meaning of an educationschool excessively focused on academic learning For these reasons it is necessary to act promptly, preventing behaviors from worsening and the problem from becoming a disorder as such. Providing the primary teacher with basic elements about emotional and behavioral disorders is an essential aspect to offer the resources or supports that primary students who have behavioral disorders need.

Classification

Prevention can be primary, secondary or tertiary:

• Primary prevention:is applied on workers supposedly healthy, detecting existing risk factors in them, such as diabetes , hypertension silent and alterations that can produce the work . For this it is necessary to know the job position, detecting occupational hazards . Law 5032 that establishes the obligatory nature of medical examinations according to risk of exposure. Primary prevention also includes health education, through exhibitions and talks in which workers participate.

The codes of ethics in Occupational Medicine are clear in that it constitutes a right of workers to know the risks to which they are exposed and to participate in the development of measures to reduce or cancel them.

• Secondary prevention: itis the one that acts on the already sick individual, taking early actions, referring him to the Mutualist or Hospital.
• Tertiary preventionthat is constituted by the rehabilitation of the worker, seeking to reconcile the jobs with the residual capacities, that is, it seeks to insert the man back into his work and if this is possible, place him in a position according to his new capacities.