Covariance

Covariance is the value that reflects how much two random variables vary jointly with respect to their means. It allows us to know how a variable behaves based on what …

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Transaction costs

Transaction costs refer to the costs incurred in order to carry out a market transaction. The concept of transaction costs was first developed by Nobel Prize Ronald Coase who wondered why companies exist. According to Coase, transaction …

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Exchange costs

Exchange costs or exchange costs are those that the consumer faces when changing product, supplier or brand. The exchange costs are not only monetary, there are also psychological, effort and time costs. They can manifest themselves in …

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Variable cost

Variable cost is the expense that fluctuates in proportion to the activity generated by a company or, in other words, that which depends on the variations that affect its turnover. …

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