Oxidizing agent, a chemical species that a redox process accepts electrons and, therefore, is reduced in said process.
Summary
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- 1 Oxidation
- 1 Permanganates
- 2 Dichromates
- 2 Solutions
- 1 Alkaline dissolution
- 2 Neutral dissolution
- 3 Acid dissolution
- 3 Acids
- 1 Hypochlorous acid and its salts
- 4 Sodium Chlorite and Chlorine Dioxide
- 5 Chlorates
- 6 Peroxides
- 1 PbO 2
- 2 MnO 2
- 3 H 2O 2
- 4 Na 2O 2
- 5 SeO 2
- 7 Ozone
- 8 Sodium hypochlorite
- 1 Uses
- 9 External links
- 10 Sources
Oxidation
The main problem with oxidation reactions is not only to produce them, but to ensure that they do not go beyond what is intended of them. In liquid phase oxidation, gaseous oxygen or other substances that possess oxidation capacity can be used .
Calcium and barium salts have been widely used for the oxidation of complex proteins. Calcium salt has the advantage of forming insoluble products, thus making their recovery easier.
Permanganates
The solid salts of permanganic acid are powerful oxidation agents. By oxidizing ethanol with calcium permanganate, the reaction is so rapid that inflammation can occur. The aqueous solutions of the permanganates also have strong oxidizing properties. One of the best and most widely used agents is potassium permanganate, which forms stable crystals. Its oxidizing capacity varies depending on whether it is used in neutral or acidic alkaline solutions.
Dichromates
The oxidation with dichromates is carried out, in general, in the presence of sulfuric acid and using the sodium and potassium salts. Although dichromates are oxidizing in the absence of acids, the reaction occurs more rapidly in the presence of these. This is why acid solutions are almost always used.
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + 4H 2 SO 4 → K 2 SO 4 + Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 4H 2 O + 3O 2
Chromic anhydride dissolved in glacial acetic acid is sometimes used as the oxidizing agent.
2CrO 3 → Cr 2 O 3 + 3O 2
Applications:
- In the manufacture of perfumes,
- anethole → anisic aldehyde
- isosafrol → piperonal (heliotropin)
- Condensation of α-naphthol with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine to form indophenol.
- Preparation of methylene blue, safranin and other dyes.
