Non-metallic hydroxides . Substances that are obtained by the reaction of water and a non-metallic oxide . They are also called oxygenated acids or oxo acids. They are obtained by combining an anhydride (also called acid oxide) with water.
Summary
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- 1 Formula
- 1 See Examples
- 2 Description
- 3 Properties
- 4 Nomenclature and chemical notation
- 1 Chemical nomenclature
- 2 Chemical notation
- 5 Applications
- 6 See also.
- 7 Sources
Formula
Acid oxide + H 2 O ———> (HXO) Non-metallic hydroxide
H – represents Hydrogen
X – represents non-metal
O – represents oxygen
See Examples
- SO 3(s) + H 2 O (l) = H 2 SO 4 (ac)
- N 2O 5 (g) + H 2 O (l) = 2HNO 3 (ac)
- P 4O 10 (s) + H 2 O (l) = 4 H 3 PO 4 (ac)
Description
Non-metallic hydroxides are ternary substances made up of oxygen , hydrogen and another non-metallic element.
The solutions of non-metal hydroxides have properties contrary to those of metal hydroxides . These properties are known as acidic properties, so they are read with the word acid and the name of non-metal.
For example:
- Sulfuric acid, H 2SO 4 . (The well-known accumulator acid is a solution of this substance).
- Nitric acid, HNO 3.
- Phosphoric acid, H 2PO 4 .
- Boric acid, H 2BO 3 .
Properties
- Non-metallic hydroxides are, at room temperature, liquid or solid substances of relatively low melting and boiling temperatures and generally water-soluble substances.
- They are molecular compounds, that is, they are compounds that do not have ions, however they have the property of forming positive hydrogen ions and negative halogenic ions, at the time of dissolving in water.
- They do not conduct electrical current , however, their aqueous solutions do.
- When dissolved in water, they produce negative oxygenated polyatomic ions and hydronium ions, H +(ac)
- They have an acid taste
Chemical nomenclature and notation
Chemical nomenclature
To name these compounds, the generic word acid is used, followed by the name of the oxygenated polyatomic anion, changing its termination ito for bear and ato for ico.
Chemical notation
To write the chemical formula of a non-metallic hydroxide, proceed as follows.
Applications
Acids have great application in industry.
- They are used in obtaining various salts , dyes, medicines and other products in high demand.
- Sulfuric and hydrochloric acids are used in solders to remove the oxide layers that some metals have before coating them with other metals.
- They are also used in cleaning metal objects, as they have the property of reacting with metal oxides
- In the sugar industry, acids are used to clean carbonate scale from the walls of steam boilers and pipes.
- Other acids are used in medicine , acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) as a pain reliever and anticoagulant.
