ICANN

ICANN .Sigla in English corresponding to I nternet C orporation for A ssigned N ames and N umbers (in Spanish , Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), which regulates domain names and Internet protocol in the world organization.

Table of Contents

Summary

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1 A bit of history
2 Type of organization
3 Domain name system
4 Role it plays
5 Function
6 Achievements
7 Current job
8 Procedures
9 Uniform policy
10 Alternatives
11 Upcoming challenges
12 ICANN seeks everyone’s participation
13 External links
14 Sources

A little history

ICANN’s original mandate came from the United States Government during the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush administrations . The 30 of January of 1998 , the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), an agency of the US Commerce Department said it was necessary “a proposal to improve technical management of Internet names and addresses “. The standard-setting proposal, or “Green Book.” It was published in the Federal Register on February 20 , 1998, and provided opportunities for public comment. NTIA has received more than 650 observations since March 231998, when the comment period closed. The Green Paper proposes certain actions aimed at privatizing the management of the Internet, names and addresses in a way that enables the development of strong competencies and facilitates global participation in the management of the Internet. In addition, it proposes for discussion a number of issues related to DNS management, including the private sector. ICANN was created in response to this policy. In September and October of 2003 , ICANN played a crucial role in the conflict over the “wild card” VeriSign DNS service. After an open letter from ICANN, an ultimatum to VeriSign, the company voluntarily terminated service on October 4.of 2003 . After this step, VeriSign filed a lawsuit against ICANN the 27 of February of 2004 , claiming that ICANN had overstepped his authority by searching through the demand to reduce ambiguity about the authority of ICANN. The anti-monopoly VeriSign component of the claim was dismissed in August 2004. On May 17 , 2004, ICANN released a draft budget for the year 2004/2005.. It includes proposals to increase the transparency and professionalism of your operations, and greatly increases your spending proposal. The European Council for National Top Level Domain Registries (CENTR), which represents Internet registries from 39 countries, rejected the increase, accusing ICANN of a lack of financial prudence. Despite criticism, a registration agreement was reached for .JOBS and .TRAVEL top-level domains that includes a $ 2 fee for each domain from authorized companies. Along with the success of the .TRAVEL and .JOBS negotiations, the .MOBI, and .CAT domain names are some of the new top-level domains established by ICANN. The October as maypole as 2006ICANN did not approve a plan for a new “.Xxx” suffix that has been designated for websites with pornographic content. ICANN formally rejected .XXX the 30 of March of 2007 during its meeting in Lisbon , Portugal , but later, the 25 of June of 2010 , decided to give free rein to the suffix will finally see the light in early 2011 . The 26 of July of 2006 , the Government of the United States renewed the contract with ICANN to implement the IANA for an additional period of one to five years.

Organization type

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is an internationally operating non-profit organization responsible for allocating numerical Internet protocol (IP) address space, protocol identifiers, and management functions [or administration ] of the generic top-level domain name (gTLD) and country code (ccTLD) system, as well as the administration of the root server system. Although these services were originally performed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and other entities under contract with the United States governmentare currently the responsibility of ICANN. As a private-public partnership, ICANN is dedicated to preserving the operational stability of the Internet, promoting competition, achieving broad representation of the global Internet communities, and developing standards appropriate to its mission through “bottom-up” based processes. in consensus.

Domain name system

The Domain Name System ( DNS ) helps users navigate the Internet. Computers on the Internet have a unique address called an ” IP address ” (Internet Protocol address). Since IP addresses (made up of a string of numbers) are difficult to remember, DNS allows you to use a string of letters (the “domain name”) so that you can type www.icann.org instead of “192.0.34.163 ”. DNS translates the domain name into its corresponding IP address and connects you to the website of your choice. DNS also allows e-mail to work, so that the messages it sends reach the appropriate recipient, and many other Internet services.

Role it plays

ICANN is responsible for coordinating the management of the technical elements of the DNS to ensure unambiguous name resolution so that Internet users can find all valid addresses. For this, it is in charge of supervising the distribution of the unique technical identifiers used in Internet operations, and delegating the names of top-level domains (such as .com, .info, etc.) Other issues of concern to Internet users , such as financial transaction regulation, Internet content control, unsolicited email (spam), and data protection, are outside the scope of ICANN’s technical coordination mission.

Function

Within the ICANN framework, governments and international treaty organizations in partnership with trained businesses, organizations and individuals work to develop and sustain the global Internet. Innovation and the constant growth of the Internet present new challenges in maintaining its stability. By working together, ICANN participants can resolve issues that directly affect ICANN’s technical coordination mission. ICANN is perhaps the most important example of collaboration between different members of the Internet community, based on the principle of self-regulation applied in the high-tech economy.

ICANN is governed by an internationally diverse Board of Directors charged with overseeing the standards and policy development process. ICANN’s CEO is at the helm of the multi-national staff working on three continents, ensuring that ICANN delivers on its operational commitment to the Internet community. Designed to respond to the demands of a technologyand the ever-evolving economy, the flexible policy development process, implemented rapidly, originates from the three Supporting Organizations (for generic names, national names and IP addresses). The advisory committee of individual user organizations and technology communities works with supporting organizations to create appropriate and effective regulations. The Government Advisory Committee, made up of more than eighty governments, acts as an advisor to the Board of Directors.

Achievements

Among ICANN’s recent achievements: ICANN established competition in the market for generic top-level domain name ( gTLD ) registries by breaking the monopoly that existed until 1998 which has resulted in an 80% reduction in the cost of domain names and saved consumers and businesses more than a billion dollars annually in domain registration fees.

ICANN has implemented a Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) that has been used to resolve more than 5,000 disputes over domain name rights. The UDRP is designed to be efficient and economical. In coordination with the relevant technical communities and stakeholders, ICANN has adopted general standards for internationalized domain names ( IDN ), thus opening the way for domain registrations in hundreds of languages.

Current job

ICANN introduced seven new generic top-level domain names in 2000 : .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, and .pro. ICANN is currently exploring the possibility of adding others. In response to community concerns regarding privacy and access, ICANN is hosting several seminars on Whois , the public domain name registration database. With IPv6 , the new IP address numbering protocol, the interoperability of the global network continues to be ICANN’s primary mission.

Procedures

ICANN regularly holds rotating public meetings between continents to encourage global participation in its processes. Critics argue that the venues for these gatherings are often in countries with the least internet use. What you want to make known is that ICANN has a mandate around the world and an essential part of its mission is to encourage the use of the Internet where it is weak. ICANN was created in California due to the presence of Jon Postel , who was one of its founders. ICANN is still in the same building where it was created, which is an office of the Institute for Information Sciences at the University of Southern California. ICANN board resolutions are posted on its website so that everyone can consult them.

Uniform policy

One of the tasks you were asked to perform is to address the issue of the domain name owned by the gTLD. ICANN attempted to have this policy developed in close cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and the result has become known as the UDRP (Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy). This policy is essentially intended to provide a reasonable, inexpensive, and rapid response mechanism for domain name dispute resolution.

Alternatives

– Suggested alternatives to ICANN for managing DNS names and address space, including:

Let the United States Government do ICANN tasks directly.
Assignment of ICANN tasks to the International Telecommunications Union.
Let the Regional Internet Registry manage the addresses.
The abandonment of all control and letting DNS names be free for all.
The creation of a new non-profit organization without any link to the current one, such as OpenNIC.

Upcoming challenges

Implement internationalized domain names and new generic top-level domains.
Increase the security and stability of unique identifiers on the Internet.
Monitor the depletion of IPv4 address space and lead the shift towards IPv6 adoption.
Maintain and improve trust in the generic top-level domain market.
Strive for excellence in key operations.
Strengthen ICANN’s multi-stakeholder model to meet growing demand and changing needs.
Strengthen accountability and governance.
Guarantee financial stability and responsibility.

ICANN seeks the participation of all

Participation in ICANN is open to all who are interested in world Internet policy in matters that specifically relate to ICANN’s technical coordination mission. ICANN provides several online forums that are accessed through its website , and supporting organizations and advisory committees maintain active mailing lists for participants. Additionally, ICANN convenes several public meetings throughout the year. The most recent meetings have been held in Accra ( Ghana ), Bucharest ( Romania ), Shanghai ( China ), Rio de Janeiro ( Brazil ),Montreal ( Canada ) and Carthage ( Tunisia )