Game development is a complex, multifaceted process (you can read more about the game development process in the article “ Stages of creating a computer game ”), in which a wide variety of specialists are involved.
There are now over a hundred official job titles in game development. Without going into practical details, we’ll describe the division of labor in game creation in as simple a form as possible. We’ll use a small team of just a few people as an example to avoid confusion in the hierarchy.
Relative position of professions
| Sphere \ Stage | Idea | Implementation | Layout | Refinement | Game release |
| Control | Manager | ||||
| Design | Game designer | Artist | Programmer | Tester | PR person |
| Mechanics | Game designer | Programmer | Programmer | ||
| Content | Game designer | Map designer | Programmer | ||
Games consist of three main elements: design (graphics, music, sound, interface), mechanics (game rules, game modes, internal logic), and content (characters, plot, dialogue). Each specialist focuses on their own part of the game. Artists draw; programmers implement the game mechanics; map designers, scriptwriters, and actors imbue the game with meaning. But this division is only important at the implementation stage. The conception and design phase falls entirely on the shoulders of the game designer. The layout phase is the sole responsibility of the programmers. All other specialists are not directly involved in development, but merely assist those directly involved. Testers identify bugs in pre-production versions of the game, and PR specialists prepare the audience for the game. All these processes are managed from above by managers: producers, directors, and department heads.
As you can see, developing a game requires at least a team of a game designer and a programmer; all other professions are superfluous for indie developers, but have long been a pressing necessity for large game studios.
Now let’s look at each profession individually. What are their responsibilities, rights and responsibilities, and preferred personal qualities? Beyond the dry definitions, we’ll also try to create images of typical game designers, programmers, and artists, highlighting famous representatives, their workspaces, and examples of their completed work.
Description of the profession “Game designer”
| Tasks of the profession: | Task: To come up with rules for the game
The game designer creates the game, but they do so only in their head, while the actual implementation falls to other specialists. They must share their ideas with the rest of the development team, describing the game’s concept down to the smallest detail in a design document. A game designer can be compared to a film director; his ideas and instructions for other participants become the basis of the game. It’s the most coveted, but also the most demanding, profession in the industry. Few people know the leading programmers and artists involved in game development, but renowned game designers are household names. (In Russian-speaking companies, the role of the main “inventor” is performed by the producer, and the game designer is merely the one who formalizes his ideas into a technically competent form). |
| What exactly will need to be done? | – Design of basic game mechanics;
– Design of game balance; – Creation of images of game characters; – Planning the gameplay throughout the game; – Writing a design document for the game; – Adjusting the game concept during the development process |
| What qualities are important? | This position isn’t for beginners. Becoming a game designer requires several years of successful experience in other positions, or by founding your own game studio.
A game designer must, first and foremost, be a wise person, knowledgeable in a wide range of fields: history, geography, biology, literature, philosophy, and psychology. After all, they must essentially invent a whole new world, but in a way that is believable and partially reminiscent of the real world. Moreover, a game designer must have at least a basic understanding of all the specifics of game development processes: genres, game mechanics, map design, and graphic editors. After all, they must assign specific tasks to the developers, and they will fail if they assign tasks that are technically impossible to complete. |
| Where to study? | A good humanities education, optionally a technical one. |
Description of the “Programmer” profession
| Tasks of the profession: | Task: Implement game ideas in the form of program code
Programmers create the core mechanics of games. Their work determines the features a game will feature and how smoothly it will run from a technical standpoint. The quality of programmers’ work directly impacts the performance of other employees, so they form the core of the team; the entire game development process revolves around them. |
| What exactly will need to be done? | – Study of the game design document;
– Writing and finalizing program code; – Creation of game objects, describing their characteristics; – Creation of basic game mechanics; – Maintaining the file architecture of the entire project; – Compilation of the results of all other specialists into the program |
| What qualities are important? | Knowledge of specific programming languages is essential. Knowledge of mathematics, a quick learner, and the ability to improve.
A strong technical education is desirable. However, historically, the best programmers are developed through self-study. Universities teach only the basic principles. Practical programming skills can only be acquired through actual work. The best option is distance learning. However, you’ll need to have good self-discipline to spend your free time on self-study rather than on entertainment. |
| Where to study? | The best technical university (correspondence course). |
Description of the profession “Artist”
| Tasks of the profession: | Objective: To decorate the game and make it more attractive for players
For amateur games, a game designer and programmer team is sufficient. Artists are most often hired for much larger projects. Therefore, artists tend to specialize greatly. Some focus solely on set design, others on textures, others on modeling, others on animation, and still others on interface design. A generalist artist isn’t needed for large projects. Each area of work requires its own specific practical skills. |
| What exactly will need to be done? | – Study of the game design document;
– Creation of art based on the game designer’s descriptions; – Creation of textures, 3D models, graphic special effects, animations; – Game interface design |
| What qualities are important? | Creative skills are essential: drawing skills, an understanding of composition and color. Proficiency in modern 3D modeling and 2D graphics editors is also essential. |
| Where to study? | An art school or university that teaches drawing, painting, composition basics, and color science. |
Job Description: Map and Level Designer
| Tasks of the profession: | Task: Fill the game world with objects, events, participants
A game designer only develops the structure and envisions the game in general terms. Writers only write the story and plot events. The bulk of the actual implementation of the game world is left to the map designers. |
| What exactly will need to be done? | – Study of the game design document;
– Creation of level landscapes; – Creation, thinking through the characters’ paths of movement; – Arrangement of ready-made game objects; – Creation and arrangement of plot events on levels |
| What qualities are important? | Hard work, perseverance, general programming skills. |
| Where to study? | The best way to learn is to work on maps, levels, scenarios, and create mods and add-ons for existing games.
If you’re going to study somewhere, it’s best to become a programmer. It will make it easier to understand game scripts. But no one will teach you the basic skills of professional level design anywhere. |
Description of the “Tester” profession
| Tasks of the profession: | Task: Find bugs in pre-release versions of the game
The most accessible position for newcomers is a tester. This is a manual laborer who tests games and requires no special skills. But in our country, it’s not common to have individual people on teams for testing, so it’s better to immediately focus on foreign companies and learn foreign languages. |
| What exactly will need to be done? | – Play alpha and beta versions of the game;
– Use all game features and their combinations; – Find and document bugs found during the game |
| What qualities are important? | Efficiency, perseverance, attentiveness. |
| Where to study? | Education is not required |
Job Description: “PR Manager, Gaming Journalist”
| Tasks of the profession: | The task: To tell about the game in such a way that people want to buy it
Properly marketing your game is just as important as creating it. In a crowded gaming market, people don’t play what’s best, but what’s already known and familiar. |
| What exactly will need to be done? | – Study early versions of the game;
– Write advertising texts about the game’s features; – Create and distribute images from the game, videos; – Communicate with advertising platforms, agree on events; – Conduct exhibitions and presentations |
| What qualities are important? | Sociability, openness, proactivity, organizational skills. Literacy and good writing. |
| Where to study? | Any university that trains journalists. |
Description of the “Manager” profession
| Tasks of the profession: | Task: Coordinate the work of all other specialists
While each specialist sits in their own corner, focusing on a specific area of work, the manager must see the entire situation as a whole. The producer oversees the entire project, the technical director manages the programmers, the art director oversees the artists, and the financial director oversees the material resources. All are primarily responsible for the end result and must therefore constantly steer the work in the right direction, resolve disagreements, and solve other organizational problems. |
| What exactly will need to be done? | – Divide global tasks into many small specific ones;
– Distribute responsibilities between participants; – Set precise deadlines and conditions for implementation; – Motivate and encourage other specialists; – Plan the consumption of material resources; – Prevent and eliminate possible problems in the process |
| What qualities are important? | Leadership skills, responsibility, planning ability, high level of communication skills, project management experience. |
| Where to study? | In practice, during the game development process. |
List of all professions in game development
The above are just the basic roles in game development. In practice, there are many more specific job titles. We’ll list them for reference.
| Basic role | Specific specialization |
| Game designer | Lead Game Designer , Core Mechanics Game Designer, Character Game Designer |
| Programmer | Technical Director Programmer-designer Basic mechanics programmer Interface programmer |
| Tester | Beta tester |
| Artist | Art Director , 2D Graphics Designer, 3D Model Designer , Animator, Special Effects Artist , Interface Artist |
| Sound | Sound engineer |
| Map designer | Map designer |
| Text | Screenwriter |
| Animation | Actor Motion Capture Specialist |
| PR | Journalist |
| Support | Support group (hotline) |
| Manager | CEO Chief Project Manager Producer |



