Fundamental Laws of Chemistry. Main laws of gases and chemical reactions.
Summary
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- 1 Gas laws
- 2 Laws of chemical reactions
- 3 The birth of a new Theory
- 4 Sources
Gas laws
- Boyle’s Law : The pressure of a fixed quantity of gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies, as long as the temperature is kept constant. Published in 1660 .
- Gay-Lussac’s Law : If we keep the pressure constant, the volume changes undergone by a fixed quantity of gas are directly proportional to the temperature changes, published in 1808
Laws of chemical reactions
- Law of conservation of mass or Lavosier : In an isolated system the mass remains constant, which implies that the total mass of reagents is equal to the total mass of the substances obtained after the reaction, published in 1789
- Constant Proportions Law or Proust’s Law : When two or more simple substances combine to form a certain compound, they always do so maintaining the same proportion between the masses, published in 1801 .
- Dalton’s Law : When two simple substances combine, and in doing so can form more than one compound substance, the weights of one of them combined with a fixed weight of the other, keep a relation given by simple numbers, published in 1803
- The Law of Combination Volumes or the Gay-Lussac Law : When a chemical reaction involving gases occurs, the volumes of the gaseous substances that intervene in the reaction keep a relation given by simple numbers, published in 1809. .
The birth of a new Theory
- Dalton’s Atomic Theory , published in 1810
- Matter is made up of indivisible and non-deformable atoms
2. Compound substances are made up of compound atoms
3. All the atoms of a pure substance are identical and therefore have the same mass and their other properties are identical.
4. Atoms of different substances have different mass and other properties (for example size, etc.)
5. When a chemical reaction occurs, the atoms, since they are unalterable, are neither created nor destroyed, so they are only distributed and organized in other ways.
- Avogadro’s Law : Under the same conditions of pressure and temperature, equal volumes of different gases have the same number of molecules , proposed in 1811
