Articular Biomechanics . Study the movements made by the joints and the loads they support.
Summary
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- 1 Philosophical conception of movement
- 2 Concept of biomechanics
- 3 Factors influencing joint movements
- 4 sliding movements
- 5 Rotational movements
- 6 Sources
Philosophical conception of movement
Dialectical materialism explains that the existing world is unique, eternal and infinite that it is in perpetual motion according to the laws. In its most general aspect, movement means change and is conceived as an inherent attribute of matter. Therefore, there can be no matter without motion, just as there is no motion without matter.
The principle of the conservation of matter has scientifically called the indestructibility and increability of it and its movement, it considers energy as a property of matter that represents the quantitative measure of movement and expresses the ability to work.
Biomechanics concept
In physical movement, mechanical movement is distinguished, which consists in changing the position of a body with respect to other bodies. This type of movement is observed in the animal body. Therefore biomechanics studies the mechanical work that animals do through the dynamics and statics of the body.
Factors influencing joint movements
The factors that influence joint movements are varied, the following are distinguished:
- The presence of the joint cavity allows movement of the joint. Therefore, the discontinuous or synovial joints are those that can be highly mobile.
- Joint face shapes determine the mechanical function of movement in the bones that make up a joint and vice versa (classification of joints by shape).
- The arrangement of the articular faces determines the direction of movement of the articulated bones (joints in each region of the body).
- Increasing the number of contiguous joint faces increases the degree of movement (carpal and tarsal joints).
- The presence of intra-articular fibrocartilages favors the amplitude of the movements and increases the number of these (temporomandibular joints).
Sliding movements
Slipping occurs when the articular faces move one over the other without giving up. This movement is present in all synovial joints, it is typical of flat joints (polyaxit), where it is limited, but when acting together it causes greater mobility, as occurs in the carpus, tarsus and spinal column.
Rotational movements
The rotational movement is performed when the bone turns around its major or longitudinal axis and is characterized in that it does not produce a change of place in the bone, but a change of orientation. This movement is typical of trochoid or cylindrical joints, although it can also be done in other kinds of joints, such as spheroidal (polyaxit).
