Anabolism and catabolism are two types of biochemical reaction that are part of human metabolism.
The anabolism refers to the process that builds complex molecules from simple molecules, consuming the energy. But the catabolism is the set of reactions involved in the degradation or breakdown of complex molecules into smaller molecules. This process usually provides energy for the body.
That is, anabolism is a constructive process, while catabolism is a destructive process.
| Anabolism | Catabolism | |
| Definition | Anabolism is the metabolic process that synthesizes complex molecules through simple substances. | Catabolism is the metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules, turning them into smaller molecules. |
| Metabolism | It is the constructive phase of metabolism. | It is the destructive phase of metabolism. |
| Energy | It consumes energy. | It produces energy. |
| Effects on exercises | Anabolic exercises increase muscle mass. They are usually anaerobic exercises. | Catabolic exercises use stored food to generate energy, so it burns fat and calories. They are usually aerobic exercises. |
| Related hormones | Estrogen, testosterone, growth hormone, insulin, etc. | Adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon, cytokines, etc. |
| When it occurs | Especially during rest. | It is more functional during physical activities. |
| Energetic process | During anabolism kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. | During catabolism, potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. |
| Process examples | · Photosynthesis in plants;
· Protein synthesis; · Glycogen synthesis; · Assimilation in animals. |
· Digestion;
· Cellular respiration; · Excretion. |
What is anabolism?
Anabolism is the set of reactions involved in the synthesis of complex molecules, starting from simple molecules. This process requires energy, and can be stimulated by exercising and eating a protein-rich diet.
Building tissues and gaining muscle mass are two basic anabolic processes. At the cellular level, an example of an anabolic process is the synthesis of proteins by means of amino acids
Some of the hormones involved in the anabolism process are:
- Insulin;
- Estrogen;
- Testosterone;
- Growth hormone
What is catabolism?
Catabolism is the set of reactions involved in breaking complex molecules into simple molecules.
These reactions release energy for the body, which can later be used in the anabolic process. Some cellular waste such as urea, carbon dioxide and ammonia are also produced during catabolism.
The main catabolic process is digestion, where the substances ingested by the body are divided into simpler components. At the cellular level, we can mention the breakdown of proteins for the formation of amino acids, or glycogen for the formation of glucose.
Some of the hormones involved in the catabolic process are:
- Adrenaline;
- Cortisol;
- Glucagon;
Anabolic exercises
Anabolic exercises are those that build muscle mass. Some examples are resistance and strength exercises.
These activities force the body to use its immediate reserves of energy. In addition, to prepare for a new effort, the body will increase its muscle mass, strengthen bones and increase its protein reserves by synthesizing amino acids.
Catabolic exercises
Catabolic exercises are usually aerobic, meaning they consume oxygen and help burn calories.
Some examples are moderate intensity exercises that are performed over a longer period of time, such as cycling, dancing and swimming.
