Concept map on Greek art: development of the history of Greek art from the origins to the Hellenistic period. Periodization and characteristics.Greek art is that which developed in the Hellenic peninsula, in the Aegean and Ionian islands, in the colonies of Asia Minor, on the Black Sea, in southern Italy, in Egypt and Türkiye.Greek art can be divided into different periods, which correspond to as many artistic phases which we outline below:
- Formative period. Geometric (XII-VIII)
Defined as the Hellenic Middle Ages: from the Dorians to the polis. The human figure is rarely represented. - Archaic Period (VII-VI)
Construction of the first temples. The human figure begins to be represented. - Classical Period (V)
Defined as the Golden Age. - Hellenistic Period (Death of Alexander the Great – Occupation of Greece by the Romans)
Development and fusion of styles.
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Origin and Archaic Age
Origin of Greek Art – Characteristics
- Man observes nature to know it deeply and discover its principles.
- In Greece, thought develops together with technique.
Archaic Age: Characteristics
- The Dorians settle in Greece.
- Sunset of the Mycenaean civilization.
- Period of regression and fusion between two cultures.
- The mythological tradition takes hold .
- The Homeric poems are transcribed .
- The heart of the city is the temple : located on the acropolis and dedicated to the protective deities. Rectangular plan. In the center, hidden, is the statue of the deity. Citizens go on pilgrimage to the temple to bring gifts to the deity.
- The orders are born : the construction and proportional rules are established.
Doric order:
– Basic stylobate.
– Simple capital formed by: echinus and abacus.
– Architrave with decorated frieze. - Statuary : the prototype of the male figure is developed: the Kouros.
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Classical Age
Characteristics of this period:
- The poleis form an alliance against the Persians.
- Athens becomes a commercial and cultural power.
- Athens with Pericles begins the reconstruction of the city and the acropolis.
- In architecture, we seek harmony , balance and formal perfection.
- Corinthian order: capitals decorated with vegetal motifs.
- The concept of “beautiful” is born
– Phidias
– Polykleitos
– Myron - The Parthenon is built : the largest building on the Acropolis of Athens. Doric and peripteral temple. Use of the golden triangle proportion.
