Polypectomy is an endoscopic procedure that allows polyps to be removed from the digestive tract using loops connected to an electric scalpel or forceps.
The decision on how to perform this procedure is often made during a colonoscopy, when the polyp is detected, and based on its type. How does it work and why is it necessary?
We talked about it with Dr. Benedetto Mangiavillano , medical specialist responsible for Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy at Humanitas Mater Domini in Castellanza (VA) and the Humanitas Medical Care clinics in Arese , Busto Arsizio and Varese .
What are polyps?
Polyps are lesions in the colonic mucosa. In most cases, they are benign, but they can also be precursors to colorectal cancer . If the tumor is identified at the polyp stage and removed, the disease is completely cured.
How are polyps classified?
Polyps can be classified by shape (about 85% are “sessile,” meaning they have a dome-shaped, stalkless form; 13% are “pedunculated,” like a mushroom hanging from the colon wall; and 2% are completely flat) and size ( they can be smaller than 5 millimeters and larger than 30 millimeters). The smaller the polyp, the less likely it is to be malignant (those larger than 20 mm are 10% more likely to have altered cells within them).
What are the symptoms of polyps?
In most cases , polyps are asymptomatic . However, in some circumstances, they may cause fatigue , weight loss , loss of appetite , and, in more specific cases, diarrhea , constipation , or blood in the stool . Cramps, abdominal pain, or obstruction only appear if the lesions have grown larger.
Why is it necessary to remove them?
Seventy -five percent of colon cancers originate from polyps called adenomas (which can be tubular or villous), which arise from glandular cells found in the colon. Another 25% of cancers originate from serrated (or serrated) polyps, which are generally thin, light-colored, and shapeless. They are coated with a thin layer of mucus, making them difficult to see during a colonoscopy.
What happens after the polyp is removed?
Once the polyp has been removed, it is sent for analysis to determine its true nature. The results of the histological examination will determine when the next check-up is needed.
