Cardiology Study Notes

Valvuloplasty. Surgical repair of a heart valve for relief of symptoms or disability. Summary [ hide ] 1 Features 2 Heart Valves 3 Symptoms of valvular heart disease 4 Reasons to perform the procedure 1 Risks of the procedure 5 External links 6 Source characteristics Valvuloplasty is performed, under certain circumstances, to open a stenotic (hardened) heart valve . In valvuloplasty, a very small, narrow, hollow tube, or catheter, is … Read more

Seldinger technique. Initially used as a technique for percutaneous canalization of central venous lines ( internal jugular , femoral, and subclavian). Summary [ hide ] 1 Procedure 2 Description of technique 3 Complications: 1 thrombosis 2 Obstruction 3 Others 4 Source Process The procedure was described by Seldinger in the 1950s. Currently the indications for the use of this technique have been extended to non-vascular procedures (placement of pleural, … Read more

Cardiac tumors in newborns . Congenital blood cysts. Small red nodules found in the valves of the heart . They are usually multiple and rarely larger than 1mm, which disappear after a few weeks or months of life. Summary [ hide ] 1 Classification 2 Clinical picture 3 Radiological Exam 4 Pathological anatomy 5 Diagnosis 6 Sudden death 7 Bibliographic references 8 Source Classification Focal myxomas . Silent at birth and made of myxedema tissue . Lambé excrescences . Small … Read more

Tumors are any lump that is due to an increase in the number of cells that compose it, regardless of whether they are benign or malignant. Primary tumors of the heart are rare and 80% of them are benign; myxomas reach 50% of tumors. Summary [ hide ] 1 Classification 2 Minor cardiac tumors 3 Rhabdomyomas 4 Intrammular fibroma 5 Myxomas 6 Sarcoma 7 Clinical picture 8 Conclusions … Read more

Hypoxemia . It is an abnormal decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. Not to be confused with hypoxia , a decrease in the diffusion of oxygen in the tissues. Summary [ hide ] 1 Symptoms 2 Causes of hypoxemia 1 Alveolar hypoventilation 2 Deterioration of diffusion 3 Ventilation-perfusion, inequality (or ventilation-perfusion) 4 Bypass 3 Treatment 4 Source Symptoms Poor mental performance, including memory and the ability to solve … Read more

Orthostatic hypotension : Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop of 20 mmHg or more in TAS (systolic blood pressure) or a decrease in TAS below 90 mmHg and a drop of 10 mmHg or more in TAD (diastolic blood pressure ) or a decrease in TAD below 60 mmHg within the first 3 minutes after adopting the … Read more