Cooperative learning model of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) type or numbering Thinking together is a type of cooperative learning designed to influence student interaction patterns and as an alternative to the traditional class structure. NHT type cooperative learning emphasizes a special structure designed to influence student interaction patterns and has the aim of increasing academic mastery.
The Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model was first developed by Spenser Kagen in 1993 to involve more students in studying the material covered in a lesson and checking their understanding of the content of the lesson (Trianto, 2009).
In addition, according to (Lie, 1999 in Hamsa, 2009), argued that the Numbered Head Together (NHT) type of cooperative learning also encourages students to improve their collaboration. This model can be used for all subjects and all levels of students. Cooperative learning type Numbered Head Together (NHT) is a learning model where each student is given a number then a group is formed and then the teacher calls the number of the student randomly.
Based on the above understanding, it can be concluded that Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning is a type of cooperative learning that emphasizes a special structure (forming groups of 4-6 people, where each member is given a number).
- The steps of the NHT type cooperative learning model
According to Trianto (2009), that in asking questions to students, the teacher uses a four-phase structure as NHT learning steps as follows:
1 . Step 1: Numbering
The teacher divides students into groups of 4-6 people and each group member is numbered 1 to 6.
2 . Step 2 : Asking Questions
The teacher asks questions to students. Questions may vary. Questions can be very specific and in the form of an interrogative sentence.
3 . Step 3: Thinking with students.
Unite opinion on the answer to the question and prepare each member of the team to know the team’s answer.
4 . Step 4: Answering questions
The teacher calls a certain number, then the student with the appropriate number raises his hand and tries to answer the question for the whole class.
The steps mentioned above were then developed into six steps according to the needs of conducting this research. The development of this step departs from the cooperative learning step according to Ibrahum (2000, in Trianto, 2009). The six steps are as follows:
Behavioral Phase Teacher
Phase 1 Communicating goals and motivating students
The teacher conveys all the learning objectives to be achieved in the lesson and motivates students to learn.
Phase 2 Presenting information
The teacher conveys information to students by means of demonstrations or through reading material.
Phase 3 Organize students into cooperative study groups
The teacher explains to students how to form study groups and helps each group to make an efficient transition.
Phase 4 Guides group work and study
The teacher guides the study groups as they do their assignments.
Phase 5 Evaluation
The teacher evaluates the results of learning about the material that has been studied or each group presents the results of their work.
Phase 6 Give rewards
Teachers look for ways to reward both individual and group learning efforts and outcomes.
Source: (Lie,A:2008)
- The advantages and disadvantages of the NHT (Numbered Head Together) Cooperative Learning Model
According to Uno (2009), the advantages and disadvantages of the NHT type of cooperative learning model are as follows: (1) The advantages are: every student is all ready; all can have a serious discussion; clever students can teach less intelligent students; developing a democratic attitude; responsibility; respect the opinions of others and cultivate self-confidence. (2). Weaknesses namely: Not very suitable for a large number of students because it takes a long time; the possibility that the number that has been called, is called back by the teacher; Not all group members are called by the teacher.