What Is Autism And What Are The Causes?

Autism refers to a spectrum of neurological developmental disorders whose symptoms begin to appear in early childhood and which involve characteristic or repetitive autistic behaviors accompanied by difficulties in interaction and social communication. The signs and symptoms of this disorder appear in various stages of childhood in various individuals. Autistic children often tend to remain socially isolated, remain worried most of the time and avoid eye contact with other people, including their parents.

They also exhibit repetitive behaviors such as the constant beating of the arms and the involvement of rocking movements when they are still. Autistic children also have very different verbal skills ranging from complete language control to complete inability to speak. They also have a poor ability to understand nonverbal media such as body language and voice tones. These children tend to restrict their interests to certain objects and subjects. They also exhibit very little emotional attachment to people in their surroundings and seem to live in their world, detached from social norms.

  1. Possible environmental and genetic causes

Autism is believed to be caused by the influence of both environmental and genetic factors. However, up to the date no specific cause has been assigned to this disorder. The diagnosis of autism has found that in autistic patients some areas of the brain cannot connect properly to other areas that is attributed to developmental abnormalities that occur in the brain before the child is born.

Often premature babies have shown a higher frequency of autism. It is also believed that autism has a family connection as in the case of twins, where, when one person is affected, the other has a 35% chance of 95% being autistic. In some cases, families with autistic children also have members suffering from other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. with a frequency higher than the average case. In some cases, even the parents of children with autism have shown some kind of mild but unusual behavior. Although family studies have indicated heredity as one of the causes of autism, a specific gene responsible for autism has not yet been definitively identified.

Sporadic mutations in the eggs or sperm of the autistic child’s parents before fertilization or in the zygote after fertilization could also be responsible for autism in cases where there is no family connection with the disease. inheritance as one of the causes of autism, a specific gene responsible for autism has not yet been definitively identified. Sporadic mutations in the eggs or sperm of the autistic child’s parents before fertilization or in the zygote after fertilization could also be responsible for autism in cases where there is no family connection with the disease. inheritance as one of the causes of autism, a specific gene responsible for autism has not yet been definitively identified. Sporadic mutations in the eggs or sperm of the autistic child’s parents before fertilization or in the zygote after fertilization could also be responsible for autism in cases where there is no family connection with the disease.

  1. Frequency of the event

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect boys 4 to 5 times more than girls and affect individuals regardless of their socioeconomic level, race and ethnicity. According to 2013 estimates, 21.7 million people worldwide were suffering from autism spectrum disorders. There has also been an increase in reported cases of autism spectrum disorders worldwide, which could be due to an actual increase in the incidence of the disease or an increase in disease reporting due to the availability of more sophisticated diagnostic tools or greater awareness among the general public regarding the disease.

  1. Treatment

Until now, there is no cure for autism and the best treatment involves performing behavioral and interventional therapies that allow the child to overcome social inhibitions and avoid unusual behaviors that are characteristic of the disease. Early intervention often brings enormous changes in the social and verbal skills of an autistic child. All these procedures require highly qualified professionals who can understand the specific needs of each autistic child. Although drugs cannot cure most of the main symptoms of autism, they can be used to alleviate the symptoms of psychological stress, depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, which often accompany the other symptoms of autism.

  1. Support and advocacy for the autistic

Autistic children are often avoided by their peers and by society as a whole due to their seemingly different behavior. However, the current spread of awareness shows a marked change in people’s perception of the disease, which results in a wider acceptance of autistic children as part of the main society. The month of April of each year is celebrated as “World Autism Awareness Day” and many other world events that encourage the spread of autism awareness also take place every year. The fact that autistic children can have a certain talent has been demonstrated by several cases in which autistic individuals have exhibited exceptional talents and earned respectful positions in various fields of work.Rain Man revolved around the story of an autistic individual with incredible talents

 

by Abdullah Sam
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