Generally there are three types of administration in organization, company, school, government and every public administration. which are discussed as under:
Authoritative Administration.
“Authoritative Administration” refers to a management style characterized by a strong central leadership that directs and controls most aspects of an organization. This approach is often associated with a top-down decision-making process, where the leaders make key decisions with minimal input from lower-level employees. Here are some key features of authoritative administration.
- style which resembles with dictatorship.
- Administrator imposes his opinion and is rigid.
- Subordinates are suppressed and frightened.
- Feeling and sentiments of other are not cared.
- Focus is on control and discipline.
- Principle is that boss is always right, mo sharing consultation.
- Subordinates can not question the opinion of administrator.
- Subordinates are bound to follow the orders.
- There is no sympathy or relaxation subordinates.
- Decision are mode and imposed by administrator.
Advantages
- Institutions reflect order, discipline compliance of rules and regulations.
- Work is completed without delay.
- Only the opinion of the experts is implied.
- All the assignments are carried rapidly.
- It encourages working relationship.
- It is result oriented.
Disadvantages
- It discourages free thought, article creativity.
- It damages human esteem and ego.
- It creates negative culture of flattering.
- It hinders the way to experiments innovation.
- Subordinates face great loss for non-compliance
- It reduces commitment and enthusiasm.
- Staff is divided and is victimized by conspiracies.
- There is trust deficit between boss and It promotes ‘yes sir’ culture ra professionalism.
What Are different Types of Administration and How Does It Work?
Democratic Administration
A democratic administration refers to a system of governance where power is vested in the hands of the people. It is a political framework that upholds the principles of democracy, ensuring that decisions are made through fair and free elections, and that citizens have the right to participate in decision-making processes.
- It is opposite to authoritative style.
- There is sharing and cooperation.
- Adminstratorator is sympathetic and shows flexibility.
- Respect and importance is given to subordinates.
- Feeling and sentiments of other are cared
- There is freedom of expression and thought.
- All Members participate in decision-making.
- The responsibility of achieving the task is collective.
- All members feel responsible for achieving targets.
- Decision are collectively made and members work hard to achieve objectives.
- It paves the way for alternative leadership by Delegating powers.
- It promotes creative environment which leads progress. self-control.
Disadvantages:
- Every person gives more importance to his d ideas and ignores the opinion of experts.
- It promotes negative criticism.
- Every person do not possess sound thinking judgment.
- Members of staff incline towards opinions w serve their own interests.
- There is need to suppress’ Vice strictly.
Laissez-faire
Laissez-faire literally means, “let people do what they wish.”Laissez-faire administration, sometimes referred to as “hands-off” or “let it be” management, is a leadership style where managers adopt a non-authoritative and non-directive approach. In this style, leaders provide minimal guidance and actively avoid interfering in the day-to-day operations of their subordinates.
Features
- Administrators do not interfere the matters.
- They show lack of interest and sense of responsibility.
- Subordinates enjoy limitless freedom.
- Subordinates do not follow the rules guidelines.
- Focus is on status quo.
- Decisions are made without the involves leadership.
- Staff members work according to their will.
Advantageous
- Laissez-faire style of administration favor institutions or organizations with professional members who are responsible, expert and experienced.
- It is Useful for organization having business partnership
Disadvantageous
- Institutions reflect chaos, disorder, anarchy and lack of discipline.
- Quality is declined
- There is decline in norms, standards and professionalism
- Members do not follow the guidelines
- It promotes pressure group which negatively influence the head of administration.
The term “administration” can refer to various forms of management and governance within different contexts. Here are some common types of administration: Organizations, schools, and educational institutions often employ various types of administration structures to manage their operations effectively. Here’s a tabular comparison of these administration types:
| Administration in Organizations | Administration in Schools | Administration in Education Sector |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Top-Down Management | 1. Centralized Leadership | 1. Centralized Education System |
| – Hierarchical decision-making | – Principal-led decision-making | – National or state curriculum standards |
| – Clear chain of command | – Strict policy adherence | – Government-funded research |
| 2. Matrix Structure | 2. Departmental Management | 2. Decentralized Education System |
| – Cross-functional teams | – Subject-specific leadership | – Localized curriculum choices |
| – Collaborative decision-making | – Team teaching approaches | – School or district-level decisions |
| 3. Flat Organization | 3. Collaborative Leadership | 3. Private Education |
| – Minimal hierarchical layers | – Involvement of teachers in decision-making | – Independent curricula and standards |
| – Empowered employees | – Shared governance | – Privately-funded research |
| 4. Project-Based Structure | 4. Inclusive Education | 4. Online and Distance Education |
| – Temporary teams for specific projects | – Focus on diverse learning needs | – Technology-driven learning |
| – Agile and adaptable management | – Special education programs | – Flexible learning environments |
Each administration type has its unique features and is chosen based on the specific needs and goals of the organization, school, or educational system.
- Public Administration: This involves the management of government agencies and the implementation of public policies. It covers roles in government departments, agencies, and public sector organizations.
- Business Administration: This type relates to the management of a business, including functions like marketing, finance, human resources, and operations. It’s often studied as a discipline in business schools.
- Educational Administration: This type focuses on the management and administration of educational institutions like schools, colleges, and universities. It includes tasks like curriculum planning, teacher supervision, and resource allocation.
- Healthcare Administration: This involves managing hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities. Responsibilities include ensuring efficient delivery of healthcare services, compliance with regulations, and managing staff and budgets.
- Legal Administration: This refers to the management of legal offices and departments, including tasks like case management, legal documentation, and coordination between lawyers, clients, and courts.
- Financial Administration: This type deals with the management of financial resources, including accounting, budgeting, and financial planning in organizations.
- Sports Administration: This involves managing sports teams, facilities, and organizations, including tasks like event planning, team management, and promotion of sports events.
- Nonprofit Administration: This type focuses on the management of nonprofit organizations, involving fundraising, volunteer coordination, program development, and adherence to the mission of the nonprofit.
- IT Administration: This deals with the management of information technology resources and systems in an organization, including network management, data security, and software deployment.
- Environmental Administration: This involves managing environmental programs and policies, including conservation efforts, pollution control, and sustainable development initiatives.
Each type of administration has its specific challenges and requires a unique set of skills and knowledge. Effective administration is the cornerstone of organizational success, regardless of the industry or sector. By understanding the different types of administration, we gain insight into the vast array of responsibilities and opportunities within this field