History of the United States of America from Roosevelt’s to Wilson’s presidency. Characteristics and politics of the two US presidents
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Woodrow Wilson: 28th President of the United States of America – Source: Ansa
ROOSEVELT AND WILSON: CHARACTERISTICS AND POLICY OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The assassination of President McKinley led to the presidency Theodore Roosevelt , a Republican, conservative, pro-political and economic freedom. Under his presidency, laws were passed to reduce the power of monopolies, the first modern legislation was passed for the defense of consumers against food and drug fraud ( Pure Food and Drug Act ) and for the protection of the environment . In foreign policy, Roosevelt implemented a strongly aggressive line (the policy of the big stick ), favoring the separation of Panama from Colombia (1903), a condition for the United Statescould finance the construction of the canal. After nearly a century of continental isolation, the United States took a stand on European issues , coming out in favor of France in the Franco-German colonial dispute over North Africa .
With less energy and popularity, successor William Howard Taft continued the fight against the trusts and favored two progressive-inspired constitutional amendments (the sixteenth on the direct election of senators and the seventeenth for the income tax).
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WOODROW WILSON PRESIDENT
Under the presidency of Thomas Woodrow Wilson , the First World War broke out . The United States , which initially remained neutral, nevertheless played an important part by supplying the two countries to which they were linked by strong historical ties, Great Britain and France, with grain, clothes, weapons, and machinery for the war industry. Only when the Germans launched submarine warfare in the Atlantic against merchant convoys, including from neutral countries, did President Wilson declare war on Germany(April 6, 1917). Under the command of General Pershing, American troops made up of 1,750,000 soldiers made a decisive contribution on the Franco-German front of the Meuse and the Argonne.
WOODROW WILSON: CONFERENCE OF PEACE IN PARIS
At the Peace Conference , which met in Paris in 1919, Wilson proposed a plan centered on the reform of international relations as a condition for avoiding further wars in the future. The plan, divided into 14 points, provided for freedom of navigation and trade, reduction of armaments, self-determination of peoples and the formation of an international body, the League of Nations , responsible for the peaceful settlement of interstate conflicts.
The utopian idea of perpetual peace found a proposal for implementation, but the plan, which also aroused consensus reactions among the European democrats, appeared to the great European powers to be tainted with idealism. The newly established League of Nations, based in Geneva, lacked a strong international endorsement since Germany, Russia and even the United States , which had proposed it , did not participate .
THE FIRST POST WAR IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE CRISIS OF 1929
At the end of the First World War, the United States experienced a euphoric decade of prosperity in which the push to consume spread to all social strata. The data of the automobile industry is indicative, with the production of over 23 million cars and 3 million trucks in 1929 . In new forms of communication, such as radio and cinema , in new transportation systems , such as aviation , in leading sectors of industry, such as chemicals and steel , the United States was at the forefront of the world. because they had not only the capital, but also the technological and scientific knowledge.
The traits of modern society were already present in American factories and cities of the 1920s, including the deteriorating phenomena, highlighted by the scourge of gangsterism , which flourished following the prohibitionist measures. Despite industrial progress and widespread prosperity, the American economy showed signs of instability , particularly visible in the agricultural sector which was suffering the consequences of the decline in exports to Europe. The industrial system itself suffered from excess production , while the debt incurred by Europeans in dollars during the war made US finance unstable.
