Radiation injury of the nervous system occurs as a complication of x-ray therapy wherein tissue dosage has been excessive. Signs of injury may appear within hours or days of high-dosage irradiation in laboratory animals; in man, with the doses used therapeutically, the onset is delayed. Characteristically, a progressive neurological deficit develops following a latent period … Read more
Arnold-Chiari Malformation is characterized by downward displacement of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum of the skull and by similar caudal elongation of the medulla. These cases can be divided into two major types, the infantile and the adult. Infantile Form. The infantile form is commonly associated with other mid-line defects such as spina bifida … Read more
Hydrocephalus is a pathologic state characterized by dilatation of the cerebral ventricles with an increase in volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), almost always caused by an obstruction in the circulation of this fluid. In children, prior to fusion of the cranial sutures, there is enlargement of the skull. Hydrocephalus must be distinguished from other causes … Read more
Benign intracranial hypertension (B.I.H.) is also known as Idiopathic intracranial hypertension.It describes the syndrome of increased intracranial pressure in which intracranial mass lesions, obstruction of the cerebral ventricles, intracranial infection, hypertensive encephalopathy, and chronic retention of carbon dioxide (pulmonary encephalopathy) have been excluded. It has also been termed pseudo tumor cerebri, serous meningitis, and otitic hydrocephalus. … Read more
Multiple Sclerosis or disseminated sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disorder. It is usually pleomorphic and difficult to define completely in the absence of specific diagnostic tests. There are a number of well recognized and readily diagnosed syndromes, but borderline cases may be difficult to categorize clinically and pathologically. Generally it is chronic and relapsing, but … Read more
Demyelinating disorders must be considered as a basic disorder of the oligodendrocyte or the Schwann cell. To consider demyelination solely as myelin breakdown, ignoring the fact that the myelin lamellae are an integral part of the parent glial cell, may be contradictory to the pathogenesis. The etiologic agent may attack either the perikaryon of the glial … Read more
