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Rickettsialpox is a mite-borne rickettsial disease, mild and self-limited, which is characterized by an initial eschar-like lesion and a fever of a week’s duration accompanied by head­ache, backache, and a generalized papulovesicular rash. Etiology. The disease is caused by Rickettsia akari, a member of the spotted fever group of rickettsia. Although R. akari possesses an … Read more

Scrub typhus is a mite-borne rickettsial disease that occurs in southeast Asia and adjacent areas and is characterized by fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, conjunctival injec­tion, a maculopapular rash, and, in most patients, a distinctive es-char or skin lesion. Etiology. The typhus disease is caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (R. orientalis), a group of rickett­sial agents that produces … Read more

Trench fever is a self-limited louse-borne rickettsial disease characterized by intermittent fever, generalized aches and pains, negligible mortality, and multiple relapses. Etiology and Epidemiology. The disease is caused by Rickettsia quintana, a rickettsial agent that grows extracellular in the louse intestine and is excreted in louse feces. Transmission takes place by rubbing louse feces into … Read more

Q fever is a self-limited rickettsial infection characterized by fever, headache, and constitutional symptoms, associated, in approximately half the patients, with a pneumonitis. It is unique among the rickettsial diseases of man in that human infection is most commonly acquired by inhalation of the agent rather than by contact with an arthropod vector. Etiology. The … Read more

Pneumococcal pneumonia is an acute bacterial infection of the lungs caused by pneumococcus and characterized clinically by an abrupt onset, with rigor, fever, chest pain, cough, and bloody sputum. History Of Pneumonia Although pneumonia was known to Hippocrates, its usual cause was not learned until late in the nineteenth century. Pneumococcus was first isolated from … Read more

Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Its principal clinical lesions occur in the cooler tissues of the body: skin, superficial nerves, nose, pharynx, and larynx The distal portion of the eye and the testicles may also be damaged. Disfigurement and deformity owing to skin infiltration and peripheral nerve destruction in untreated patients … Read more