Methyl bromide in soil treatments in Cuba (book)

Throughout fifteen years of work for the elimination of methyl bromide (BM) in Cuba, they have been assumed according to the crops involved with different variants. At the same time, a process of basic, applied and participatory research has been developed, inserting them into pest management (PM), while an adoption process by producers was implemented; in the same way, these were adapted to the conditions of the agricultural system of each territory of the country.

Summary

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  • 1 Foreword
  • 2 Introduction
  • 3 Index of the book
  • 4 Sources
  • 5 Reference

Foreword

The process has had the strong support of research institutions, technical cultivation departments, the phytosanitary system, and the active participation of producers.

Along with the international investment projects of the Montreal Protocol with UNIDO , as an international implementing agency, several national projects have been developed with the aim of providing technical solutions to the different problems raised. None of the technological opportunities developed in third countries can be applied in the conditions of developing countries in the same way as they are assumed in these; The main mistake consists in making an imposed technological transfer with the aspects of availability of material and human resources that were used in those.

In the transfer of technologies from the developed world, there is practically a very overlapping association of technology, so if the seedling production system is introduced, this relates to the use of blond peat, to automated irrigation systems, to trays of expanded polystyrene, to plastics of different types, etc .; And if it is a question of grafting vegetables resistant to soil diseases , the best tomato, melon, watermelon, cucumber rootstocks are in the hands of the big seed companies; Even more obvious is the issue of pesticides. All of the above constitute challenges for the introduction of technologies in developing countries, to reduce dependence on inputs and investments.

What it is about is to assimilate the technologies in their scientific principles and the benefits they offer, adapting them to the particular environment where they will be developed. Currently, the definition of this is appropriate technology for developing countries, but it is equally valid for any circumstance.

Different tactics of soil pest management have been addressed within the framework of the MP , ranging from the rescue of traditional techniques with a new vision, to the incorporation of novel technologies in the country.

Of particular interest is the massive use of biological control; All the management options include crop rotations, polycultures, trap crops, soil preparation system among the traditional, herbaceous grafting on cucurbits and nightshades planted in protected crop houses, hypocotyledon grafting on coffee, soilless cultivation in vegetables, biofumigation and solarization in vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants, solar collector for substrates in a wide range of situations and crops, the system of production of tobacco positions in floating tray and pesticides, in general.

One of the questions that arise during the technology transfer process is that, if what is achieved will have future permanence, and to what extent this will remain in force. The results achieved over time indicate that it depends on several factors that, if not improved and overcome in time. This book highlights the basic and participatory research carried out and the level of introduction of these technologies in Cuba.

Introduction

The harmonious conjugation of different methods of fighting soil pests , be they weeds , nematodes , fungi , etc., does not mean a summation of these, but a set of interacting subsystems. The main mistake that is made in practice is to start acting on pests close to planting or already with cultivation in the field. Management begins long before cultivation and continues afterwards, making it a permanent activity of the producer. In the context of methyl bromide phase-out , value has not always been attributed to these actions to reduce infestation.

Book index

  1. Soil preparation methods, crop rotations, polycultures and trap crops to control soil pests as alternatives to methyl bromide.
  2. Biological control methods as an alternative to the use of methyl bromide.
  3. Intensive production of floating tray tobacco positions with organic substrate and use of biological means as an alternative to methyl bromide.
  4. Herbaceous grafting in protected vegetable crops in Cuba as an alternative to methyl bromide: progress and challenges.
  5. Technological transfers of hypocotyledon graft in coffee in the framework of pest management as an alternative to methyl bromide.
  6. Protected cultivation of tomato without soil on zeolite as an alternative to methyl bromide in the ¨Victoria de Girón¨ Company, Matanzas.
  7. Biofumigation and solarization as sustainable alternatives to methanol bromide in Cuba.
  8. Multi-purpose accumulator solar collector ¨GHISAV¨ for the disinfection of different types of substrates.
  9. Evaluation and use of soil fumigants as alternatives to methyl bromide in Cuba.

 

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