January 24th Events

January 24 is the 24th (twenty-fourth) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar . There are 341 days left in the year and 342 in leap years.

Events

• 41: In Rome , the Praetorian Guard assassinates Emperor Caligula and proclaims Claudius emperor , who will reign over the Roman Empire for the next 13 years.
• 914 : The first Fatimidinvasion begins in Egypt .
• 1059: In the village of Sutri (55 km north of Rome) , the Synod of Sutri deposes Pope Benedict X and declares Nicholas II , who had already been elected the previous December and was awaiting coronation, as successor.
• 1110: In Aragon (Spain) – within the framework of the Spanish Reconquest (which will conclude in 1492) – the forces of Alfonso the Battler defeat those of the Muslim emir of the city of Zaragoza .
• 1118: In Rome, the synod of bishops elects Pope Gelasius II .
• 1458: In Hungary , Matthias I Corvinus becomes king.
• 1438: In the city of Basel (Switzerland) , the Council of Basel suspends Pope Eugene IV as prelate of Ethiopia ; he arrives in Massawa from Goa (in India ).
• 1521: In the Tuamotu archipelago , the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan is the first European to arrive on the island of Saint Paul.
• 1527: In the current province of Santa Fe (Argentina), the Spanish conqueror Sebastián Caboto meets the Mocoretá ethnic group , which he will reveal in his Mapamundi of 1544.
• 1536: King Henry VIII of England suffers an accident while jousting, resulting in a brain injury that historians believe may have influenced his later erratic behavior and possible impotence .
• 1556: In China, an earthquake devastates the Chinese province of Shensi , causing 830,000 deaths.
• 1597: The Battle of Turnhout takes place in the Flemish War .
• 1600: In the South Atlantic Ocean, the Dutchman Sebald de Weert discovers the Falkland Islands , which will later be inherited by Argentina, but the United Kingdom will illegally appropriate them.
• 1616: The island of the States (off the Argentine island of Tierra del Fuego ) is discovered by the Dutch expedition commanded by Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire.
• 1643: Philip IV dismisses his favourite, the Count-Duke of Olivares , who is ill and depressed by the resounding failure of his policy.
• 1651: In southern Chile ―in the context of the Arauco War― Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet in the Parliament of Boroa, renewing the fragile peace established in the parliaments of Quillín in 1641 and 1647.
• 1679: In London , King Charles II of England dissolves the Parliament of Gentlemen.
• 1742: In Germany, Charles VII Albert (1697-1745) is crowned Holy Roman Emperor .
• 1758: In the city of Königsberg – in the context of the Seven Years’ War – the main bourgeoisie submit to Elizabeth of Russia , thus forming Russian Prussia (until 1763).
• 1776: Henry Knox arrives in Cambridge , Massachusetts with the artillery he was transporting from Fort Ticonderoga.
• 1806: In Madrid , Leandro Fernández de Moratín premieres his work The Yes of the Girls .
• 1782 : La Gaceta de La Habana, the first Cuban newspaper of which there is evidence, begins publication .
• 1814: In San Salvador, the second attempt (Independence Movement of 1814) to obtain autonomy from Spanish rule takes place .
• 1817: At the crossing of the Andes mountain range between Argentina and Chile, in which the Argentine army led by General José de San Martín crossed into Chile to liberate it from the Spanish, many soldiers of General Juan Gregorio de las Heras are captured during the action of Picheuta.
• 1826: Mississippi College (the first university in that state) is founded in the town of Clinton ( state of Mississippi ).
• 1835: In the town of Salvador de Bahía (Brazil), slaves (descendants of enslaved Africans) stage a revolt that will be decisive in ending slavery 50 years later.
• 1835: Vincenzo Bellini ‘s opera I puritani(‘The Puritans’) premieres at the Théâtre Italien in Paris .
• 1848: In Caracas (Venezuela) the attack on Congress of 1848 occurs, resulting in the death of several conservative parliamentarians.
• 1848: At Sutter’s Mill, near Sacramento( state of California ), James W. Marshall finds gold, which will unleash the “gold rush.”
• 1857: In the city of Calcutta ( India ), British invaders founded the University of Calcutta, the first in South Asia.
• 1859: Moldavia and Wallachia unite to form the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (later called Romania ) as a personal union under the rule of “domnitor” Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
• 1859: Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexander John Cuza as Romania (see 1 December 1918 for the final unification, by which time Transylvania and other regions are still missing).
• 1860: In Fino Mornasco (Italy), the mercenary Giuseppe Garibaldi marries Giuseppina Raimondi. He leaves her an hour after the ceremony, for alleged treason.
• 1866: In the province of San Juan ( Argentina ), the village of General San Martín is created, the capital city of the Albardón department .
• 1869: In Havana , volunteers storm the Aldama Palace ; others attack Cubans at the Café El Louvre , and shoot at citizens in public places.
• 1871: In Cadiz (Kingdom of Spain), the newspaper La Soberanía Nacional publishes the article by Cuban patriot José Martí entitled “Castello”.
• 1872: Máximo Gómez takes the hamlet of Tiguabos by surprise and supplies the exhausted soldiers of the division with the magnificent loot he occupies.
• 1875 : Camille Saint Saëns’ Danse Macabre premieres .
• 1878: In the city of Saint Petersburg (capital of Russia), the revolutionary Vera Zasulich attempts to take the life of Governor Fyodor Trepov.
• 1880: In Steck Hall ( New York City ), José Martí gives a speech to Cuban emigrants in that city, which can be considered the starting point and synthesis of Martí’s revolutionary ideology.
• 1887: The great French actress Sarah Bernhardt performs at the Esteban Theatre (now the Sauto Theatre) in the city of Matanzas .
• 1887: In the Battle of Dogali (Ethiopia), Abyssiniantroops defeat the Italians , although the country will finally be conquered and converted into an Italian colony.
• 1888: In the United States, Jacob L. Wortman patents the typewriter ribbon.
• 1897: In Havana (Cuba), the Frenchman Gabriel Veyre presents the first cinematographic show on the island (colony of the Kingdom of Spain).
• 1897: Sigmund Freudworks on German folklore.
• 1900: In South Africa , during the Second Boer War , the Boers stop a British attempt to break the siege of Ladysmith at the Battle of Spion Kop. London (United Kingdom) and Pretoria (South Africa) begin a peace mediation action in the Boer Wars .
• 1905: In the city of Saint Petersburg ( Russian Empire ), Tsar Nicholas II establishes a military dictatorship. In 1917 he will be executed for his crimes in the context of the Russian Revolution .
• 1908: In London (United Kingdom), the renowned British military man (responsible for the genocide of the Matabele people in Africa) Robert Baden-Powell organizes the first troop of boy scouts .
• 1911: In Paris , Albert I (“prince” of Monaco ), founded the Oceanographic Institute, intended to promote scientific research of the seas, and donated it to the city of Paris.
• 1913: In the city of Rivadavia , 50 km east of Mendoza (Argentina), the Club Sportivo Independiente Rivadavia is founded.
• 1915: At Dogger Bank in the North Sea (200 km east of the United Kingdom, 300 km northwest of Germany and 300 km west of Denmark) ―in the framework of the First World War (1914-1918) ― battlecruisers of the British Grand Fleet under the command of Vice Admiral Sir David Beatty confront the battlecruisers of Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper in the Battle of Dogger Bank.
• 1916: In the Brushaber vs. Union Pacific Railroad trial, the United States Supreme Court declares the wealth tax constitutional.
• 1918: In the Soviet Union , the Council of People’s Commissars introduces the Gregorian calendar by decree and abandons the Julian calendar . It will take effect on February 14 .
• 1921: In Paris , the Allied Conference establishes that Germany must pay 226 billion marks in 42 instalments (until 1963) in compensation for the damage caused to the rest of the European countries during the First World War (1914-1918) . This debt will plunge Germany into a very serious economic crisis that will engender the leadership of Adolf Hitler and Nazism, which will cause the Second World War (1939-1945) .
• 1924: In Russia , the city of Petrograd – which before the Russian Revolution was called Saint Petersburg – is named Leningrad in honor of Lenin.
• 1927: The Chilean football team Colo Colo arrives in Cuba . It will play two matches, one with players from the Iberia and Juventud Asturiana clubs (4-1) and another against Sport Fortuna (2-3).
• 1927: In London (United Kingdom), British filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock premieres his second film, The Pleasure Garden .
• 1928: On the grounds of the Moncloa in Madrid, Queen Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg lays the first stone of an oncology hospital .
• 1930: In Cyrenaica ( Libya ), the Italian imperialist brigades of the Sahara conquer the oasis of Kufra.
• 1931: The state of war is lifted in Spain , except in Huesca and Madrid .
• 1932: The San Martín de Corrientes Club is founded in the city of Corrientes .
• 1933: In Washington, D.C., Congress ratifies the 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution , which changes the start and end of terms for all elected federal officials.
• 1935: Canned beer (Krueger’s Finest Beer and Krueger’s Cream Ale) begins to be sold in Richmond , Virginia .
• 1936: In France , Albert Sarraut becomes Prime Minister.
• 1939: In the city of Chillán ( Chile ), the deadliest earthquake in the history of that country causes more than 28,000 deaths.
• 1942: In Thailand , during the Second World War (1939-1945) , the Allies bomb the civilian population of the city of Bangkok , leading Thailand, then under Japanese control, to declare war on the United States and the United Kingdom.
• 1943: In Casablanca , during the Second World War (1939-1945) , Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference.
• 1945: In Poland , during the Second World War (1939-1945) , the Soviet Red Army liberates the city of Krakow .
• 1946: In New York (United States), the United Nations General Assembly approves its first resolution to establish the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission.
• 1947: In Athens ( Greece ), the leader Dimitrios Maximus begins his populist and monarchical government.
• 1949: The Government of France recognizes the State of Israel .
• 1952: In Canada , Vincent Massey becomes the first Canadian elected Governor General.
• 1958: British and American scientists announce that they have achieved controlled nuclear fusion .
• 1959: In the city of Caracas ( Venezuela ), Fidel Castro (on a visit to that country) was declared “illustrious son of Caracas” by the Municipal Council of the Federal District.
• 1959: In Vatican City, Pope John XXIIIannounces the convening of an ecumenical council (the Second Vatican Council ).
• 1959: Mexicobreaks diplomatic relations with Guatemala .
• 1960: In Algiers , in the context of the Algerian War of Independence against France, some European volunteer units stage an insurrection known as the Week of the Barricades, during which they take over government buildings and confront the local police.
• 1961: Over the Atlantic coast of North Carolina (United States) , a B-52 bomber carrying two H-bombs is destroyed in mid-air. The uranium core of one of the weapons is lost. (Goldsboro B-52 crash).
• 1962: In London, young businessman Brian Epstein signs a contract to become the Beatles ‘ manager .
• 1963: In Bolondrón ( Matanzas province ) Cuban terrorists serving the CIA murder two children and injure the mother and two brothers.
• 1966: An Indian Boeing 707 crashes into Mont Blanc (on the border between France and Italy), killing 117 people.
• 1966: In New Delhi (India), politician Indira Gandhi is elected Prime Minister of India.
• 1967: In his budget speech , US President Lyndon B. Johnson asks Congress to allocate $12.3 billion for the Vietnam War (which the United States will lose ten years later).
• 1968: In North Vietnam – as part of the Vietnam War (1955–1975) – the Australian 1st Task Force (an accomplice of the United States) launches Operation Coburg against the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong during the extensive fighting around Long Bình and Biên Hòa.
• 1970 : In the sugarcane fields of the Camilo Cienfuegossugar mill, the Henderson double-furrow front combine is put to the test.
• 1972: Japanese sergeant Shōichi Yokoi is found in a jungle on the island of Guam , having been hiding since the Battle of Guam at the end of World War II (1939-1945) .
• 1974 : The basketballteams of Cuba and the Soviet Union face each other in a friendly match , in the presence of Commander-in-Chief Fidel Castro and Leonid Ilich Brezhnev (General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ).
• 1975: In Cologne, Germany , American pianist Keith Jarrett performs a concert. The recording of the famous Köln Concerto is made from the recording of the concert.
• 1976: Spain and the United States sign the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation.
• 1977 : The first indigenous congress of Central Americais held .
• 1977: On Atocha Street (in Madrid), during the democratic transition, a far-right group murders five labor lawyers from the CC. OO. (Workers’ Commissions) in the Atocha Massacre of 1977.
• 1977: In Madrid, the GRAPO (First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups, a far-left armed organization of Marxist inspiration) kidnap the president of the Supreme Council of Military Justice, Lieutenant General Emilio Villaescusa Quilis.
• 1978: The Soviet satellite Kosmos 954, with a nuclear reactor on board, burns up in the Earth’s atmosphere, spreading radioactive debris over Canada’s Northwest Territories . Only 1% of the device is recovered.
• 1978: In Ireland, Rose Dugdale and Eddie Gallagher become the first convicts to marry.
• 1979: In China, the “former capitalists” recover their property, confiscated during the Cultural Revolution .
• 1979: In Genoa (Italy), the Red Brigades assassinate the worker and trade unionist Guido Rossa.
• 1982: In Peru , at least 200 people die when the Chontayacu River overflows.
• 1983: In New York (United States), American tennis player John McEnroe defeats Czech Ivan Lendl and is crowned champion of the New York Masters.
• 1984 : The first personal computer , Apple Macintosh,goes on sale in the United States .
• 1986: The American spacecraft Voyager 2 passes within 81,500 km of the planet Uranus .
• 1987: Alann Steen, Jesse Turner, Robert Polhill and Mitheleshwar Singh are kidnapped in Lebanon .
• 1989 : At FloridaState Prison , notorious serial killer Ted Bundy , with over 30 known victims, is executed in the electric chair .
• 1990: Japan launches Hiten, the country’s first lunar probe, the first robotic lunar probe since the Soviet Union’s Luna 24 (in 1976), and the first lunar probe launched by a country other than the Soviet Union or the United States.
• 1990: The Kremlinwithdraws the Red Army from the city of Baku (Azerbaijan) after causing 83 deaths among the Azeris.
• 1992: The Government of Peru offers Bolivia access to the Pacific Ocean (which Chile stole from it a century earlier) through the Port of Ilo (in the department of Moquegua ), with a free zone and highway.
• 1992: Chinaand Israel establish diplomatic relations.
• 1992: In Mauritania, Maaouya Ould Sid’Ahmed Taya wins the first free presidential elections.
• 1993: In Ankara ( Turkey ), journalist and writer Uğur Mumcu is assassinated by a car bomb.
• 1994 : A Maltese oil tankercarrying 23,000 tons of crude oil explodes 530 kilometres off Hong Kong (China) .
• 1995: Russia launches, for the first time in its history, a Kosmos-3M carrier rocket , carrying three satellites : one Russian, one American and the last Swedish.
• 1996: In Poland , Prime Minister Jozef Oleksy resigns after being accused of spying for Russia.
• 1997: In Italy, the Parliamentary Commission for Constitutional Reform (bicameral) is created.
• 1998: Anti-communist Pope John Paul II arrives at José Martí International Airport (near Havana) for a protocol visit.
• 2002: Congressional hearings on the Enron case begin.
• 2003: The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins to operate in Washington, United States.
• 2004: The Opportunity probe lands on Mars .
• 2008: On the Madrid stock exchange , the IBEX-35 closes with the biggest rise in its history, gaining 6.95%. ^[1]
• 2008: In the Senate of the Republic, in Rome (Italy), the Prodigovernment receives a vote of no confidence.
• 2009: Cyclone Klaus makes landfall near Bordeaux, France , causing 26 deaths and major disruptions to public transport and electricity supplies.
• 2009: 36 km off the coast of Santander(Kingdom of Spain) – during the storm of extratropical cyclone Klaus – a 26-metre wave breaks the record for the largest wave recorded in that country.
• 2010: In Venezuela , the government of Hugo Chávez does not renew the license of the television channel RCTV Internacional, which broadcast exclusively news in favor of the interests of the United States and against Venezuela.
• 2011 : At DomodedovoInternational Airport ( Moscow ), a suicide bomber detonates himself, leaving 37 dead and more than 180 injured.
• 2011: The 2011 Pedagogy Congress begins in Havana, Cuba.
• 2013: Vine mobile app is launched .
• 2018: In Piedmont (Italy) , a fire damages the roof of the Sacra di San Michele.
• 2019: Angola introduces a new penal code decriminalizing homosexuality ^[2]
• 2019: World Day for African Culture and People of African Descent. It was established by UNESCO during the 40th session of its General Conference in 2019. ^[3]