How To Promote Moral Development In The Classroom.The moral development of students is very important in classroom.Moral Development aims to promote ethics and values such as justice, equality, human rights, group, class or whole school organized as a true ethical community.
This is marked by the ability of a child to be able to respect himself and others, understand the innermost feelings of the people around him, follow the rules that apply, all of this is the key to success for a child in the future. Peaceful and loving atmosphere in the family, concrete examples of mutual respect, perseverance and persistence in facing difficulties, discipline and enthusiasm, not easily giving up, smiling more than frowning, all of these allow children to develop abilities related to cognitive intelligence.
The moral development of students is based primarily on moral reasoning and develops gradually, namely: Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional reasoning.
How To Promote Moral Development In The Classroom
1) Level One: Pre-conventional Reasoning
Pre-conventional reasoning is the lowest level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. At this level, children do not show internalization of moral values, moral reasoning is controlled by external rewards and punishments.
Example in the world of education: Students want to learn if they get a prize money.
2) Level Two: Conventional Reasoning
Conventional reasoning is the second or intermediate level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. A person obeys certain (internal) standards, but they do not obey the (internal) standards of others, such as parents or society.
Example: students on one occasion want to study diligently because of their own awareness but do not want to obey parents’ orders which require studying from 19.00 to 21.00
3) Stage Three: Postconventional Reasoning
Postconventional reasoning is the highest level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. At this level, morality is completely internalized and not based on other people’s standards. A person recognizes alternative moral action, explores options, and then makes decisions based on a personal moral code.Example: Children with full awareness obey the school rules whether supervised or not, there are sanctions or not. The moral development of students
