How to cultivate melons – complete information
Updated on 2019-10-07 by bishamber Leave a Comment
Pistachio is the fruit of the dry fruits variety. Iran is believed to be the place of origin. Pistachio is used in many ways in food. Apart from this, oil is also extracted from its seeds. The pistachio plant gives yields for several years after planting. Its plant normally grows like other plants. The use of pistachios is most beneficial for humans. Pistachio sugar works to control diseases like diabetes and heart attack.
Table of Contents
Pistachio farming
Pistachio production is very less in India. The soil of Rajasthan is considered suitable for pistachio production. Currently, pistachio plants have been planted as an experiment in Rajasthan. Pistachio cultivation can also be done in alkaline soil. PH of land for its cultivation Value must be around normal. Pistachio cultivation requires a warm climate. High altitude places are not considered suitable for its cultivation. The market price of pistachios is very high. Its cultivation is best suited to improve the economic condition of farmers.
If you also want to earn good profit by cultivating pistachio, then today we are going to give you complete information about its cultivation.
Suitable soil
No special land is required for pistachio cultivation. It can be applied in almost all types of soil. There should be no water filling in its cultivated land. Because waterlogging causes diseases in the plant. Pistachio cultivation can be done in light alkaline soil. For this, the PH of land Values must be between 7 and 8.
Climate and temperature
Climate and temperature are special aspects for pistachio cultivation. Warm and temperate climate is considered suitable for its cultivation. The summer season of its cultivation is more needed. Its plant can grow easily even in winter season. But frost in winter is harmful for its cultivation. Rain is not much important for pistachio cultivation. Its plants are tolerant to drought. Therefore, it can develop normally even in low rainfall.
High temperature is most suitable for pistachio cultivation. But initially its plants need normal temperature for growth. When the plant turns 5 to 6 years old, then its plants can grow easily even at maximum 40 in summer and minimum 7 degree temperature in winter. Lower and higher temperatures are not considered suitable for its cultivation.
Advanced varieties
Pistachio cultivation is done from the middle of pen planting. And its cultivation has just started in India. Now we are going to see many varieties of this in the coming time. Presently, some exotic varieties of plants like its Kerman, Peter, Chiku, Red Aleppo and Jolly have been grown in India. Whose plants are found around 30 feet in length. After 12 years, the production of which is found to be 7 to 12 kg per plant.
Field preparation
For pistachio cultivation, initially destroy the residue of old crops in the field. Or they can be collected and used to prepare organic manure. After that, plowing two to three diagonally from the plows of the soil turning the field and leave the field open for a few days. After that, make the soil of the field brittle by running a rotavator in the field. After making the soil brittle, run the floor in the field and level the soil. So that during the rains, the field does not have to face problems like waterlogging.
Pistachio plants are planted in the field by making pits. After leveling the soil, prepare pits of one meter wide and two to two and a half feet deep in the field. While preparing the pits, keep in mind that there should be a distance of about 5 to 6 meters between each pits. And prepare the pits as rows. During this time, there should be a distance of 5 to 6 meters between each line.
After digging the pits, fill appropriate amount of organic and chemical fertilizer in the soil during the filling of the pits. After filling the pits, irrigate them deeply and cover them with casserole or dry grass. These pits are prepared a month before planting.
Plant preparation
Pistachio cultivation is done by planting saplings. Pistachio plant is prepared through rootstock in nursery. Apart from this, they can also be prepared through grafting or pen planting. You can know about this article from our article on preparing these two methods.
Whereas, to prepare the seedlings through rootstock, the new branches are prepared by planting the branches originating from the roots of the plant by separating them from the roots and planting them in the nursery. It is good to prepare seedlings from rootstock.
Plant planting method and time
The seedlings prepared in nursery are planted in pits prepared in the field for one month. Before planting its plants in the pits, prepare a small pit in the middle of the main pits prepared. After that, treat these small pits prepared with cow urine or Bavistin. So that the plants do not have to face any kind of problem during the beginning during development. After treating the pits, remove the polythene of pistachio plants and transplant them. After planting the plants in pits, put soil around them and press the stem one to two centimeters properly.
Transplanting of pistachio plants is good in the rainy season. Because during this time plants get proper environment to grow. Due to which plants grow well in the beginning. Transplanting of its plants should be done in the months of June and July during the rainy season. Whereas, if there is proper arrangement of water, farmers can plant it in February and March.
Irrigation of plants
Pistachio half ripe fruit
Pistachio plants do not require much irrigation. But initially plants need irrigation to grow. During this time, plants should be watered in the summer season once a week. And in winter it is good to give water at intervals of 15 to 20 days. Its plants do not need water during the rainy season. But if the rains are not on time, then plants should be watered as per the requirement. When its plants are fully prepared and appear like a tree, then they need 5 to 6 irrigations throughout the year.
Amount of fertilizer
Pistachio trees have a general need for fertilizer. For this, at the time of preparing the pits for planting the plants, mix 15 kg of cow dung as organic fertilizer and about 200 to 300 grams of chemical fertilizer in the soil and fill it in the pits. And irrigate the pits. Due to which the fertilizer decomposes well in the soil. In the beginning, this amount of fertilizer should be given to the plants for three to four years.
Pistachio plants start yielding about 5 years after planting in the field. During this time, the amount of fertilizer given to its plants should be increased during the growth of the plants. When the plant starts to bear fruit, then they should be given only around 20 kg of organic manure and half a kilogram of chemical fertilizer every year. After that, along with the growth of plants, the quantity of fertilizer should also be increased.
A fully grown plant should give 25 kg of organic and 1 kg of chemical fertilizer annually, leaving a distance of two feet from the stem of the plant by making a circle. Pistachio plants should be given fertilizer before flowering on them.
weed control
Weed control in pistachio plants should be done in natural way. For this, in the beginning, make the first hoeing of the plants lightly after about 25 to 30 days after transplanting. After that, whenever weeds appear in the plants, remove them. And in two to three months, make a slight hoeing of them.
A tree full of pistachios requires weed control two to three times a year. During the season of pistachio, weed out the power tiller of the field when weeds come out after the rainy season to control the weeds in the field left in the field. Weeds born from this are destroyed.
Plant care
By taking proper care of pistachio plants, farmers can get good production. For this, in the beginning, do not allow any kind of branch to be built up to one meter height on the plants. This makes the shape and stem of the plant strong. And when the plant gets bigger, then cut its branches so that sunlight can go inside the plant easily.
When the fruit starts growing on the plant, then prune its plants every year before they start blooming on the plants. During cutting pruning, cut and remove diseased and dried branches that appear on them. This creates new branches in plants. Due to which the difference in yield is also seen.
Additional earnings
Pistachio plants start yielding about five years after planting in the field. During this time, farmers can easily grow short-term gardening crops, vegetable, medicinal and spice crops in the vacant land. Due to which the farmer brothers are constantly receiving yields from their fields. And the farmer brother does not have to face financial troubles either.
Fruit harvesting
Pistachio ripe fruit
Pistachio plants start yielding 6 years after planting in the field. But start yielding well after 10 to 12 years. The peel of its fruit starts descending during the ripening of the fruit. During this, its fruits should be harvested. After breaking its fruits, farmer brothers can store them for a long time. During the chopping of pistachio fruits, take care not to break the fruits before ripening them completely. This can spoil the fruit.
Yields and benefits
Due to the lack of supply in the market of pistachio, the farmer brothers benefit from the production of its crop. The average yield is around 8 kg at a time from a pistachio plant. The market price of which is found to be Rs 750 to 1500 per kg. According to which the farmer brother can earn several lakh rupees from its cultivation in one hectare.
