Biology Study Notes

Idiopathic achalasia . Idiopathic achalasia (AI) is a primary esophageal motor disorder characterized by loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in response to swallowing. Summary [ hide ] 1 Epidemiology 2 Clinical description 3 Etiology 4 Diagnostic methods 1 Differential diagnosis 5 Management and treatment 6 Forecast 7 Sources epidemiology AI is a rare disease with an annual incidence of about 1 / 200,000 to 1 / … Read more

Stingless Bees . Also known as Earth Bee or Solitary Bees , they are a group of organisms economically, socially and culturally very important for Native Americans since they have been a source of food and medicine for thousands of years. In certain areas, traditional knowledge about the uses and benefits of these Bees’ products is in danger of being lost, due to the reduction … Read more

Some of the  animals that do not have bones  are the octopus, the crayfish, the sea anemones and the centipede. Animals that lack a backbone or an articulated skeleton are classified as invertebrate animals . Invertebrate animals represent more than 90% of all species recorded by man. Several of the invertebrates are often confused with vertebrate animals because they have a cartilage skeleton; but that … Read more

Some of the  animals of the Mexican desert  are the red lynx, the coyote, the American antilocapra and the famous roadrunner. Among so many animals, these are some of the most popular in the northern desert. The desert of Mexico is located in the north of the country. The abundant rains allow the desert to have a great variety … Read more

The animals of Colombia are abundant, the second country with more biodiversity of the planet. This South American nation has impressive wildlife that is enjoyed by thousands of people around the world. Although it only occupies a small percentage (0.7%) of the total surface of the Earth, around 10% of the planet’s species are represented in this country. … Read more

The flora and fauna of the Peruvian coast is exotic and diverse. This wealth is the product of the different surfaces that characterize this area. The coastal region – or chala as it is also known – has islands, mangroves, beaches, some marshes and inland areas up to approximately 500 meters above sea level. With respect to the interior, … Read more