The word logic comes from the Greek logos which means speech, understanding, word, description of mind, or theory. Etymologically, logic is defined as the science of the description of the mind. Whereas, in terminology, logic is defined as a theory of valid inference or a system of reasoning that examines the principles of valid inference.
Logic according to Mufid (2012) is a branch of philosophy that studies, investigates, processes or ways of thinking that is healthy, healthy and knows which standards must be obeyed so that the statement taken is valid.
Meanwhile, according to Maran (2007: 3-4), logic is defined as the science of the methods and principles used to distinguish the right reasoning from the wrong reasoning. Proper or valid reasoning is not always synonymous with truth. This is because logic focuses more on the logical interests that exist between conclusions and existing premises.
Another understanding of logic was put forward by Bakry and Trisakti (without years) which stated logic as a valid inference theory, logic used language as an expression of concepts and opinions because opinions consisting of the relationship of two concepts could not be known by others so that they needed language as an expression, both natural language and scientific language.
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In a sense, language has a very big role in communicating the contents of one’s mind to others, both verbally and in writing. Through language, humans reason and ask questions in order to find the truth. Thus, the function of language is very diverse, not only limited as a communication tool but also a means of reasoning and so forth.
The variety of functions of language as a communication tool can be grouped into three functional categories namely:
- The informative function oflanguage is to communicate information, formulate and accept or reject prepositions or present arguments.
- The expressive function oflanguage is to express feelings or express certain feelings such as sadness, joy, affection, hate, and so on. This function is also used to convey certain attitudes.
- The function oflanguage directives is to declare commands or prohibitions.
In communication, logic is very important for the achievement of effective communication . Therefore, logic teaches how to convey information, formulate and accept or reject prepositions, or present arguments using language based on the language functions above. Language and logic in communication can be understood through several examples.
Here are some examples of language and logic in communication.
- Perverted thinking
According to Rapar (without years), misguided thinking is a mistake of panalaran caused by improper conclusion by violating the rules of logic or arrangement and use of language and emphasis on words that intentionally or unintentionally has caused an incorrect linking or association of ideas. Example quoted from theconversation.com page, October 22, 2018:
At the 2016 United States Presidential Election, Donald Trump echoes the slogan of Make America Great Again. This slogan is echoed based on the good old days fallacy in which America is imaged to experience economic decline or a severe crisis even though the data shows many improvements in various aspects of life.
- Generalization
Generalization according to Suladi (2015) is a process of reasoning that starts from a number of symptoms or similar events in order to draw a conclusion regarding all or part of the symptoms or events that occur.
Siti experienced an unpleasant incident when using a private document delivery service. The document he sent was lost somewhere. He also decided not to use private document delivery services anymore because for him all private document delivery services could not be trusted.
